Phytoestrogens for Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Torrens‐Mas, Margalida; Roca, Pilar

doi:10.3390/biology9120427

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…The effects of isoflavones have been studied in different cancer cell lines, animal models and humans during clinical trials. Several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the toxicity and effects of isoflavones in healthy men and women and in patients with prostate, breast, ovarian and colon cancer [ 54 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Isoflavones In Chronic Degenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleiotropic Effects of Isoflavones in Inflammation and Chronic Degenerative Diseases

Bernatonienė

Kazlauskaitė

Kopustinskienė

2021

IJMS

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Isoflavones are phytoestrogens of plant origin, mostly found in the members of the Fabaceae family, that exert beneficial effects in various degenerative disorders. Having high similarity to 17-β-estradiol, isoflavones can bind estrogen receptors, scavenge reactive oxygen species, activate various cellular signal transduction pathways and modulate growth and transcription factors, activities of enzymes, cytokines, and genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Due to their pleiotropic activities isoflavones might be considered as a natural alternative for the treatment of estrogen decrease-related conditions during menopause. This review will focus on the effects of isoflavones on inflammation and chronic degenerative diseases including cancer, metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and adverse postmenopausal symptoms.

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Section: The Role Of Isoflavones In Chronic Degenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleiotropic Effects of Isoflavones in Inflammation and Chronic Degenerative Diseases

Bernatonienė

Kazlauskaitė

Kopustinskienė

2021

IJMS

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“…Phytoestrogens are distinguished by their pro-health effects, including the reduction of intensity of some symptoms of menopause, such as hot flushes, and the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, as well as of breast, prostate, and intestine cancer [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Most phytoestrogens are antioxidants [ 9 , 10 ], and their antioxidant properties may contribute to their pro-health effects; however, the main mechanism of their action is due to ER binding [ 11 , 12 ]. Phytoestrogens are used worldwide as an alternative to the estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and can be administered as dietary supplements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four groups of phenolic compounds are classified as phytoestrogens: stilbenes, coumestans, lignans, and isoflavones [ 10 ]. The main natural stilbene is resveratrol (the trans isomer shows estrogenic activity), found mainly in grapes and peanuts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Effects of Phytoestrogens: The Role in Neuroprotection

2021

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Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring non-steroidal phenolic plant compounds. Their structure is similar to 17-β-estradiol, the main female sex hormone. This review offers a concise summary of the current literature on several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, mainly their neuroprotective effect. Phytoestrogens lower the risk of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, as well as cardiovascular disease. They also reduce the risk of brain disease. The effects of phytoestrogens and their derivatives on cancer are mainly due to the inhibition of estrogen synthesis and metabolism, leading to antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and epigenetic effects. The brain controls the secretion of estrogen (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis). However, it has not been unequivocally established whether estrogen therapy has a neuroprotective effect on brain function. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens seem to be related to both their antioxidant properties and interaction with the estrogen receptor. The possible effects of phytoestrogens on the thyroid cause some concern; nevertheless, generally, no serious side effects have been reported, and these compounds can be recommended as health-promoting food components or supplements.

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“…They have been suggested to have a large spectrum of beneficial effects, including the reduction of cancer risk and postmenopausal symptoms [14]. However, there is also concern that phytoestrogens may act as endocrine disruptors that adversely affect health [15]. Based on available research findings, it is not clear whether the potential health benefits of phytoestrogens outweigh their risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Biological Activity and Mechanism of Xenoestrogens and Phytoestrogens in Cancers: Emerging Methods and Concepts

Wang

Yoshitake

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Xenoestrogens and phytoestrogens are referred to as “foreign estrogens” that are produced outside of the human body and have been shown to exert estrogen-like activity. Xenoestrogens are synthetic industrial chemicals, whereas phytoestrogens are chemicals present in the plant. Considering that these environmental estrogen mimics potentially promote hormone-related cancers, an understanding of how they interact with estrogenic pathways in human cells is crucial to resolve their possible impacts in cancer. Here, we conducted an extensive literature evaluation on the origins of these chemicals, emerging research techniques, updated molecular mechanisms, and ongoing clinical studies of estrogen mimics in human cancers. In this review, we describe new applications of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques in shaping the current knowledge. At the molecular and cellular levels, we provide comprehensive and up-to-date insights into the mechanism of xenoestrogens and phytoestrogens in modulating the hallmarks of cancer. At the systemic level, we bring the emerging concept of window of susceptibility (WOS) into focus. WOS is the critical timing during the female lifespan that includes the prenatal, pubertal, pregnancy, and menopausal transition periods, during which the mammary glands are more sensitive to environmental exposures. Lastly, we reviewed 18 clinical trials on the application of phytoestrogens in the prevention or treatment of different cancers, conducted from 2002 to the present, and provide evidence-based perspectives on the clinical applications of phytoestrogens in cancers. Further research with carefully thought-through concepts and advanced methods on environmental estrogens will help to improve understanding for the identification of environmental influences, as well as provide novel mechanisms to guide the development of prevention and therapeutic approaches for human cancers.

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Phytoestrogens for Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Cited by 54 publications

References 158 publications

Pleiotropic Effects of Isoflavones in Inflammation and Chronic Degenerative Diseases

Pleiotropic Effects of Isoflavones in Inflammation and Chronic Degenerative Diseases

The Potential Effects of Phytoestrogens: The Role in Neuroprotection

Exploring the Biological Activity and Mechanism of Xenoestrogens and Phytoestrogens in Cancers: Emerging Methods and Concepts

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