Phytofabrication of Selenium Nanoparticles From Emblica officinalis Fruit Extract and Exploring Its Biopotential Applications: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Biocompatibility

Abstract

In the present study, phytofabricated selenium nanoparticles (PF-SeNPs) were prepared from aqueous fruit extract of Emblica officinalis in a facile, green, economic, tactic and eco-friendly way. The aqueous fruit extract of E. officinalis was found to be rich with various secondary metabolites including phenolics (59.18 ± 2.91 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), flavonoids (38.50 ± 2.84 mg catechin equivalents/g), and tannins (44.28 ± 3.09 mg tannic acid equivalents/g) and determined that highly appropriate for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. The facile phytofabrication of PF-SeNPs was confirmed by UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic analysis. The XRD pattern and Raman spectroscopy showed that synthesized PF-SeNPs were amorphous in nature. The Zeta potential analysis confirmed that PF-SeNPs were negatively charged (-24.4 mV). The DLS analysis revealed that PF-SeNPs were in nano size and less aggregated with poly-dispersity index of less than 0.2. The SEM images depicted that PF-SeNPs were spherical in shape. The EDX analysis revealed that PF-SeNPs were constituted with Se (61.60%), C (29.96%), and O (4.41%). The HR-TEM analysis determined that PF-SeNPs were in nano size with an average diameter of 15–40 nm. The PF-SeNPs have offered fascinating bio-potential applications, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and biocompatibility. They have also exhibited dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, and EC50 was determined as 15.67 ± 1.41 and 18.84 ± 1.02 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The PF-SeNPs has also shown the wide range of antimicrobial activity on foodborne pathogens, and it was found to be highly efficient on fungi followed by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The biocompatibility of PF-SeNPs was assessed in N2a cells with much higher IC50 value (dose required to inhibit 50% of cell viability) compared to sodium selenite. Also, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and caspase-3 were much less altered on treatment of PF-SeNPs related to sodium selenite. The cytotoxic studies clearly determined that PF-SeNPs was much less toxic and safer related to sodium selenite. Thus, PF-SeNPs could find suitable application as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industry.

Phytogreen synthesis of multifunctional nano selenium with antibacterial and antioxidant implications

“…16 μg ml −1 and 24 μg ml −1 for standard drug ampicillin, respectively. Notably, in a recent study the MIC value of Emblica officinalis mediated phytofabricated nSe against E. coli was estimated to be 59.83 μg ml −1 , which is ∼3.75 fold higher compared to our reported value [32]. The MIC value for nSe and ampicillin, when tested against S. aureus, was calculated to be 32 and, 64 μg ml −1 , respectively.…”

“…The antibacterial responses of nSe have been documented against major infection causing bacteria including E. coli [10,22], S. aureus [9,22,23], P. aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis [23]. Nanoselenium can be synthesized by different methods such as: (a) physical which include laser ablation, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, hydrothermal [22,24,25], (b) chemical which include catalytic reduction, acid decomposition [26] and, (c) biogreen synthesis which rely on the use of certain bacteria [9,16,27,28], fungi [29] or plants species [30][31][32]. Amongst all, biogreen synthesis of nSe avoids the utilization of toxic reducing agents and post-modification steps which promotes their swift application in the food and medical industries.…”

Phytosynthesized Metallic Nanoparticles—between Nanomedicine and Toxicology. A Brief Review of 2019′s Findings

“…In our opinion, the effect could have been influenced by the presence of multiple morphologies in the larger particles case. Other, more exotic metallic nanoparticles (Ti NPs and Se NPs) were obtained by Seydi et al [57] and Gunti et al [58], respectively, by using aqueous extracts that were obtained from different plants. In both cases, the NPs were spherical, with dimensions of 22 and 15-40 nm, respectively, and they were effective against several Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungal lines, with MBC/MFC values close to the positive controls (commercial antimicrobials) for Ti NPs [57].…”

A rapid synthesis and antibacterial property of selenium nanoparticles using egg white lysozyme as a stabilizing agent

“…SeNPs have been sold on the market as a food additive in a tea product that claims to possess several health benefits [17,20]. Some studies have shown that SeNPs have unique antibacterial activities [21,22] and antifungal activities [23,24]. SeNPs can be used for food safety applications which includes as antibacterial nanocoatings [25,26], in food packaging [27,28] and in functional foods [29,30].…”