Phytohormones enhance heavy metal responses in Euglena gracilis: Evidence from uptake of Ni, Pb and Cd and linkages to hormonomic and metabolomic dynamics

Ngoc, Hai Nguyen; Nguyen, Thien Q.; Dang, Duc Huy; Emery, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121094

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The media also included a trace metal solution which when added resulted in final concentrations in MAM of: 2.86 µg/L of H 3 BO 3 , 1.81 µg/L of MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 0.22 µg/L of ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.39 µg/L of Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O, 0.079 µg/L of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O and 0.0494 µg/L of Co(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O. Since Euglena exhibits the highest growth rates in acidic environments 28 and growth between pH 3.0–5.5 is a common practice that has no negative impacts on Euglena ’s ability to tolerate HMs, the pH of MAM was adjusted to 4.3 13 , 29 , 52 – 54 using HCl prior to autoclaving. The pH was not measured while E. gracilis and E. mutabilis were growing in MAM during experimentation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of elevated sulfur and nitrogen levels on cadmium tolerance in Euglena species

Kennedy,

Kaszecki,

Donaldson

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Heavy metal (HM) pollution threatens human and ecosystem health. Current methods for remediating water contaminated with HMs are expensive and have limited effect. Therefore, bioremediation is being investigated as an environmentally and economically viable alternative. Freshwater protists Euglena gracilis and Euglena mutabilis were investigated for their tolerance to cadmium (Cd). A greater increase in cell numbers under Cd stress was noted for E. mutabilis but only E. gracilis showed an increase in Cd tolerance following pre-treatment with elevated concentrations of S or N. To gain insight regarding the nature of the increased tolerance RNA-sequencing was carried out on E. gracilis. This revealed transcript level changes among pretreated cells, and additional differences among cells exposed to CdCl2. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis reflected changes in S and N metabolism, transmembrane transport, stress response, and physiological processes related to metal binding. Identifying these changes enhances our understanding of how these organisms adapt to HM polluted environments and allows us to target development of future pre-treatments to enhance the use of E. gracilis in bioremediation relating to heavy metals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of elevated sulfur and nitrogen levels on cadmium tolerance in Euglena species

Kennedy,

Kaszecki,

Donaldson

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…For instance, phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), brassinolide (BL), and ABA, have improved the Sedum alfredii phytoextraction potential and positively affected plant growth and the antioxidant system in the presence of heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, and zinc (Zn) [31]. Other studies have also confirmed that cytokinins, a group of plant hormones extensively involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, play a key role in plant adaptation to heavy metal stress and improve plant phytoremediation properties [26,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Similar effects have been observed in vascular plants and microalgae exposed to various metals, demonstrating the association between growth suppression and higher toxicity symptoms with increased ABA content and conjugated forms of cytokinins. ABA is known to downregulate plant growth and cell division while upregulating stress responses and tolerance to unfavorable environmental conditions [13,14,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Phytohormone Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing the toxicity of heavy metals remains a major challenge for all developing countries. Recently, studies have also explored the treatment of plants and algae with exogenous phytohormones to increase stress tolerance for phytoremediation purposes [13,14,[24][25][26][27]. Phytohormones are active biological molecules that play a crucial role in triggering plants' responses to abiotic stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating Effect of Trans-Zeatin on Cadmium Toxicity in Desmodesmus armatus

Piotrowska-Niczyporuk,

Bonda-Ostaszewska,

Bajguz

2024

Cells

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Phytohormones, particularly cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), were studied for their impact on the green alga Desmodesmus armatus under cadmium (Cd) stress, focusing on growth, metal accumulation, and stress response mechanisms. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy for the Cd level and high-performance liquid chromatography for photosynthetic pigments and phytochelatins, along with spectrophotometry for antioxidants and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for phytohormones, we found that tZ enhances Cd uptake in D. armatus, potentially improving phycoremediation of aquatic environments. Cytokinin mitigates Cd toxicity by regulating internal phytohormone levels and activating metal tolerance pathways, increasing phytochelatin synthase activity and phytochelatin accumulation essential for Cd sequestration. Treatment with tZ and Cd also resulted in increased cell proliferation, photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing oxidative stress. This suggests that cytokinin-mediated mechanisms in D. armatus enhance its capacity for Cd uptake and tolerance, offering promising avenues for more effective aquatic phycoremediation techniques.

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“…Some metals, such as Cu, and Co, play a significant role in the functioning of algae as an important component of enzymes and photosynthetic systems. These essential metals are necessary for growth and development, but elevated concentrations can have detrimental physiological effects on the physiology, morphology, and biochemistry of cells ( Mathur et al., 2016 ; Deng et al, 2020 ; Nguyen et al, 2023 ). Their excess can cause adverse physiological effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular changes in phenolic compounds in Euglena gracilis cells grown under metal stress

Bernard

Guéguen

2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Metal presence in the aquatic ecosystem has increased and diversified over the last decades due to anthropogenic sources. These contaminants cause abiotic stress on living organisms that lead to the production of oxidizing molecules. Phenolic compounds are part of the defense mechanisms countering metal toxicity. In this study, the production of phenolic compounds by Euglena gracilis under three different metal stressors (i.e. cadmium, copper, or cobalt) at sub-lethal concentration was assessed using an untargeted metabolomic approach by mass spectrometry combined with neuronal network analysis (i.e. Cytoscape). The metal stress had a greater impact on molecular diversity than on the number of phenolic compounds. The prevalence of sulfur- and nitrogen-rich phenolic compounds were found in Cd- and Cu-amended cultures. Together these results confirm the impact of metallic stress on phenolic compounds production, which could be utilized to assess the metal contamination in natural waters.

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Phytohormones enhance heavy metal responses in Euglena gracilis: Evidence from uptake of Ni, Pb and Cd and linkages to hormonomic and metabolomic dynamics

Cited by 20 publications

References 72 publications

The impact of elevated sulfur and nitrogen levels on cadmium tolerance in Euglena species

The impact of elevated sulfur and nitrogen levels on cadmium tolerance in Euglena species

Mitigating Effect of Trans-Zeatin on Cadmium Toxicity in Desmodesmus armatus

Molecular changes in phenolic compounds in Euglena gracilis cells grown under metal stress

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