Phytol Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Oxidative Stress through Nrf2/HO-1 Regulation in RANKL-Induced RAW264.7 Cells

Kim, Eun-Nam; Trang, Nguyen Minh; Kang, Hye‐Rim; Kim, Ki Hyun; Jeong, Gil‐Saeng

doi:10.3390/cells11223596

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Nrf2 is a pivotal transcription factor in regulating oxidative stress and maintaining homeostasis of intracellular redox [36][37][38][39][40]. In this study, western blotting experiments showed that Sal can up-regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in a concentration-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Salidroside Protects Chondrocytes against IL-1β-Induced Injury and Alleviates Osteoarthritis Progression by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway

Luo,

Liao,

Peng

et al. 2024

Discovery Medicine

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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that causes pain to many older adults. Because the pathogenesis is not fully elucidated, effective drug therapies are currently lacking. This study aimed to determine how salidroside (Sal)-mediated reduction of osteoarthritis development in mice worked and to identify the underlying mechanism. Methods: Using in vitro experiments, ATDC5 cells were treated with various concentrations of Sal and interleukin (IL)-1β for 24 hours to mimic OA. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blotting was performed to observe the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. In in vivo experiments, pathological examination was used to assess the effects of Sal on alleviating OA progression in mice. Nrf2 signaling and its downstream proteins were further tested by immunofluorescence analysis. Results: The results showed that both pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS were significantly reduced following Sal treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting revealed that Sal could inhibit the expression of the NF-κB/hypoxiainducible factor-2α pathway and activate the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. In vivo experiments showed that the cartilage surface in the saline-treated group eroded to a greater extent than the Sal-treated groups (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 9, MMP13, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5) decreased expression level. In contrast, collagen-II and aggrecan increased in the Sal-treated groups compared to the saline-treated group. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that Sal can alleviate OA progression by promoting anti-oxidant expression and inhibiting degradation enzyme expression. These findings suggest that Sal inhibits the NF-κB pathway and its downstream targets through up-regulating the Nrf2 pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Salidroside Protects Chondrocytes against IL-1β-Induced Injury and Alleviates Osteoarthritis Progression by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway

Luo,

Liao,

Peng

et al. 2024

Discovery Medicine

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“…Spinach extract was discovered to have a powerful effect on free radical reduction because it includes palmitic acid and phytol, both of which have a substantial antioxidant effect in trapping free radicals [ 25 , 52 , 53 ]. Their antioxidative properties are enhanced by suppressing reactive oxidant species (ROS) accumulation while recovering antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase [ 53 ]. Several studies indicated that omega-3 PUFAs are essential for improving broiler immunity [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of Ethanolic Extract of Spinacia oleracea Rich in Omega-3 Improves Oxidative Stress and Goblet Cells in Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella

Ewais,

Abdel-Tawab,

El-Fayoumi

et al. 2023

Molecules

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This study investigated the anticoccidial activity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) whole-plant extract against Eimeria tenella, both in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, one hundred 8-day-old broiler chicks of both sexes were divided into four groups (n = 25 in each group). Chicks in the first group served as the negative control (non-treated–non-infected). Chicks in the second group were challenged at 18 days old with 5 × 104 E. tenella sporulated oocysts. The third group was challenged with 5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts at 18 days old after receiving spinach extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg at 8 days old. The fourth group received 0.2 mg/kg diclazuril (Coxiril® 0.2%) in their diet two days before being orally infected with 5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts and this continued till day 10 post-infection (PI). The growth performance, clinical symptoms, oocyst shedding, histological findings, and biochemical parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy on day 8 PI when the infection was at its peak. A gas chromatography examination revealed that omega-3 fatty acids were the main constituents of the spinach extract, followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, and phytol, with amounts of 23.37%, 17.53%, 11.26%, and 7.97%, respectively. The in vitro investigation revealed that the spinach extract at concentrations of 10% and 5% inhibited the oocyst sporulation by 52.1% and 45.1%, respectively. The 5% concentration was selected for the in vivo trial based on the results of the in vitro study. The infected–untreated group showed high levels of OPG; lower body weight; a greater number of parasite stages; few goblet cells; decreased SOD, CAT, and GPX levels; and increased MDA and NO levels. The spinach-treated group, on the other hand, showed a significant decrease in oocyst output per gram of feces (OPG), increased body weight, decreased parasitic stages, and a nearly normal number of goblet cells. Additionally, it reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). In conclusion, spinach produced significant antioxidant effects, increased body weight, reduced the number of oocysts and parasite stages in the caecum, and restored the number of goblet cells relative to those of an uninfected control. Furthermore, spinach extract inhibits the sporulation percentage of E. tenella oocysts. The ethanolic extract of S. oleracea (whole plant) contained high concentrations of fatty acids, palmitic acid, Phytol, betulin, and ursolic aldehyde, all of which are known to regulate the antioxidant pathway and modulate inflammatory processes and may be the main reason for its anticoccidial activity.

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“…According to the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Osteoporosis formulated by the Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Salt Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, preventive and curative measures for osteoporosis include basic measures, pharmacological interventions, and rehabilitation 6 . Basic measures include lifestyle habit changes, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and other preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporotic osseointegration: therapeutic hallmarks and engineering strategies

Chen,

Hao,

et al. 2024

Theranostics

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Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Current treatments primarily involve systemic medication and hormone therapy. However, these systemic treatments lack directionality and are often ineffective for locally severe osteoporosis, with the potential for complex adverse reactions. Consequently, treatment strategies using bioactive materials or external interventions have emerged as the most promising approaches. This review proposes twelve microenvironmental treatment targets for osteoporosis-related pathological changes, including local accumulation of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS), imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics, insulin resistance, disruption of bone cell autophagy, imbalance of bone cell apoptosis, changes in neural secretions, aging of bone cells, increased local bone tissue vascular destruction, and decreased regeneration. Additionally, this review examines the current research status of effective or potential biophysical and biochemical stimuli based on these microenvironmental treatment targets and summarizes the advantages and optimal parameters of different bioengineering stimuli to support preclinical and clinical research on osteoporosis treatment and bone regeneration. Finally, the review addresses ongoing challenges and future research prospects.

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Phytol Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Oxidative Stress through Nrf2/HO-1 Regulation in RANKL-Induced RAW264.7 Cells

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Salidroside Protects Chondrocytes against IL-1β-Induced Injury and Alleviates Osteoarthritis Progression by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway

Salidroside Protects Chondrocytes against IL-1β-Induced Injury and Alleviates Osteoarthritis Progression by Activating the Nrf2 Pathway

Administration of Ethanolic Extract of Spinacia oleracea Rich in Omega-3 Improves Oxidative Stress and Goblet Cells in Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella

Osteoporotic osseointegration: therapeutic hallmarks and engineering strategies

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