Phytolith types and type-frequencies in native and introduced species of the sagebrush steppe and pinyon–juniper woodlands of the Great Basin, USA

Morris, Lesley R.; Baker, Frank B.; Morris, Christo; Ryel, Ronald J.

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.06.007

Cited by 62 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similarly to the study of Morris et al [40], only scarce amounts of bulliforms were found. Nonetheless, strongly silicified bullifoms are frequently detected in the soil-phytolith assemblages of the geographical area of these species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)

et al. 2015

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The taxonomic value of phytolith assemblages and their degree of variability within different species of the same genus is still an undervalued issue in the botanical range of phytolith studies. However the understanding of grass phytolith variance and its implications to plant systematics is doubtless.In the present study phytoliths of the lateral shoots (leaves) of nine, globally distributed Poa species (Pooideae -Poaceae) are described. Phytoliths were recovered from Poa specimens by the dry ashing technique. Altogether 6223 disarticulated phytoliths were counted (approximately 500-700 phytoliths per species) in 54 plant samples, which cover six shoots of nine species. Not only the relative frequency of each morphotype was calculated, but measurements were conducted to determine the biogenic silica content of Poa lateral shoots. A phytolith reference collection for the nine selected species of a worldwide importance was also compiled. The description of the most significant phytolith morphotypes and their taxonomic relationships are given here.Results suggest that the biogenic silica content of the Poa lateral shoots was determined to be relatively high within all nine species. Phytolith assemblage data was subjected to multivariate statistical analyses (e.g., CA and PCA) in order to find differences and similarities among the nine Poa species. Results show that the two closely related Poa of the P. pratensis species group, namely the P. pratensis and P. angustifolia, only slightly differ from the other Poa species if we consider their rondel-trapeziform short cells (SC) phytolith frequencies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)

et al. 2015

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“…*: significant differences among specimen; #: not significant (α = 0.05). with our findings, although lower production of horned (2.0%) and keeled (3.4%) rondel types was observed than in Morris et al (2009). They found that P. pratensis stood out from the other grasses with its high production of both horned (23%) and keeled (19%) rondel types.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Their responsibility is to change the cell lumen by changing the flexibility of the cell wall and to help the leaf convolve up under arid conditions (Abernethy et al, 1998;Nawazish et al, 2006). Similar to Morris et al (2009), only scarce amounts of bulliforms, bilobates, and papillae were found, although their analysis was based on only 119 phytolith particles in contrast to the 2244 pieces analyzed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 43%

“…Similarly, a high proportion of elongate morphotypes was found by Morris et al (2009) in Poa secunda Presl and by Blinnikov (2005) in P. sandbergii Vasey. Morris et al (2009) mentioned elongate forms with mostly squared ends, which correlates Table 4. The number of measured Poa pratensis shoot phytoliths and descriptive statistics of the morphometrical data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Phytolith analysis of Poa pratensis (Poaceae) leaves

Lisztes‐Szabó¹,

Kovács

Pető³

2014

Turk J Bot

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Phytoliths in Poa pratensis L. (Poaceae) leaf blades and sheaths are described in this study. The role of plant opal particlesknown as phytoliths-is considerable in taxonomical studies, and their long-term preservation in sediments makes them a useful tool in the reconstruction of ancient plant communities and plant-human interactions. All together, 2244 phytoliths were counted and analyzed in 25 plant samples (5 shoots of 5 specimens and approximately 500-600 phytoliths per specimen). The biogenic silica content of P. pratensis leaves was determined at 2.61%, and 27 morphotypes have been described using the International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature. Two morphotypes are described for the first time in this study. Long cells (elongate psilate and sinuate morphotypes) and short cells (rondel-trapeziform elongated and rounded morphotypes) are frequently present in this species. Differences in morphotype frequency and significant differences in a few simple morphometric data (length, width, height) of long cells and short cells were found among specimens, which suggests that these features vary depending on environmental factors and the maturity of leaf tissues.

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“…MERCADER et al (2010) have reported the presence of tower and saddle phytoliths as the major morphotypes along with bilobate, conical, cross and trapeziform crenate phytoliths in the Chloridoideae subfamily. Generally, the production of opal phytoliths in different species of genus Sporobolus has been cited, but more specifically, the production of horned tower, saddle, cross and bilobate morphotypes has been reported in S. cryptandrus, S. airoides and S. consimilis (PIPERNO, 1988;MORRIS, 2009;MERCADER et al, 2010).…”

Section: Phytoliths From Plants A) Halophile-psamophile Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Opal phytolith and isotopic studies of "Restinga" communities of Maricá, Brazil, as a modern reference for paleobiogeoclimatic reconstruction

Santos¹,

Coe

Borrelli

et al. 2015

Braz. j. oceanogr.

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Santos et al.: Opal phytoliths and isotopes Maricá restinga 255Opal phytolith and isotopic studies of "Restinga" communities of Maricá, Brazil, as a modern reference for paleobiogeoclimatic reconstructionThe Maricá restinga, located in the eastern part of the Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), corresponds to one of the few remaining preserved areas of the state's coastal plain. This paper reports on a study of the Maricá restinga plant communities and also presents an identification of the main plant species present in each community, with the objective of establishing reference collections, by the methods of the proxies opal phytoliths and stable carbon isotopes, for paleoenvironmental reconstructions of this coastal area during the Quaternary. Six plant communities, distributed perpendicularly to the coast line over sandy barriers, lagoonal plain, lagoon margin and weathered basement were identified: halophile-psamophile, scrub, herbaceous swamp, slack, shrubby vegetation and dry forest. In general, the plant species analyzed in each community presented low productivity of opal phytoliths, as only the Poaceae, Cyperaceae and Arecaceae families produce a great amount and diversity of morphotypes of opal phytoliths. The results of the analysis of stable carbon isotopes in sediments indicated a predominance of C3 or a mixture of C3 and C4 plants, presenting a close correlation with the results found in plants collected in each community. In conclusion, it was verified that the carbon isotope analysis associated with that of the opal phytoliths are good proxies for the reconstruction of vegetation in the study area. A Restinga de Maricá, situada na porção leste do estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil), corresponde a uma das poucas áreas ainda preservadas na planície litorânea fluminense. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um estudo sobre as comunidades vegetais que compõem a restinga, bem como a identificação das principais espécies presentes em cada uma delas. O objetivo é estabelecer coleções de referência para reconstituições paleoambientais desse litoral durante o Quaternário. Para isso, utilizaram-se como métodos os indicadores fitóli-tos e isótopos estáveis de carbono. Foram identificadas seis comunidades vegetais distribuídas perpendicularmente à linha de costa sobre as barreiras arenosas, planície lagunar, margem lagunar e embasamento alterado: Halófila-psamó-fila, "Scrub", Brejo herbáceo, "Slack", Vegetação arbustiva e Floresta seca. As espécies de plantas analisadas em cada comunidade apresentaram em geral baixa produtividade de fitólitos. Somente as famílias Poaceae, Cyperaceae e Arecaceae produzem fitólitos em grandes quantidades e diversidade de morfotipos. Os resultados das análises de isótopos estáveis de carbono em sedimentos indicaram um predomínio de plantas C3 ou de mistura de plantas C3 e C4, apresentando uma boa correspondência com os resultados encontrados nas plantas coletadas sobre cada uma delas. Como conclusão, verificou-se que os isótopos de carbono associados às análises fitolíticas mostraram-se bons...

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Phytolith types and type-frequencies in native and introduced species of the sagebrush steppe and pinyon–juniper woodlands of the Great Basin, USA

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)

Quantifiable differences between phytolith assemblages detected at species level: analysis of the leaves of nine Poa species (Poaceae)

Phytolith analysis of Poa pratensis (Poaceae) leaves

Opal phytolith and isotopic studies of "Restinga" communities of Maricá, Brazil, as a modern reference for paleobiogeoclimatic reconstruction

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