The
5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor (5-HT3R),
a subtype
of serotonin receptor, is a ligand-gated ion channel crucial in mediating
fast synaptic transmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
This receptor significantly influences various neurological activities,
encompassing neurotransmission, mood regulation, and cognitive processing;
hence, it may serve as an innovative target for neurological disorders.
Multiple studies have revealed promising results regarding the beneficial
effects of these phytoconstituents and extracts on conditions such
as nausea, vomiting, neuropathic pain depression, anxiety, Alzheimer’s
disease, cognition, epilepsy, sleep, and dyskinesia via modulation
of 5-HT3R in the pathophysiology of neurological disorder.
The review delves into a detailed exploration of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies
and clinical studies that discussed phytoconstituents acting on 5-HT3R and attenuates difficulties in neurological diseases. The
diverse mechanisms by which plant-derived phytoconstituents influence
5-HT3R activity offer exciting avenues for developing
innovative therapeutic interventions. Besides producing an agonistic
or antagonistic effect, some phytoconstituents exert modulatory effects
on 5-HT3R activity through multifaceted mechanisms. These
include γ-aminobutyric acid and cholinergic neuronal pathways,
interactions with neurokinin (NK)-1, NK2, serotonergic, and γ-aminobutyric
acid(GABA)ergic
systems, dopaminergic influences, and mediation of calcium ions release
and inflammatory cascades. Notably, the phytoconstituent’s
capacity to reduce oxidative stress has also emerged as a significant
factor contributing to their modulatory role. Despite the promising
implications, there is currently a dearth of exploration needed to
understand the effect of phytochemicals on the 5-HT3R.
Comprehensive preclinical and clinical research is of the utmost importance
to broaden our knowledge of the potential therapeutic benefits associated
with these substances.