Phytomedicines, Herbal Drugs, and Poisons

Wyk, Ben‐Erik Van; Wink, Michaël

doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226205076.001.0001

Cited by 100 publications

(240 citation statements)

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“…When considering the well-known activity of phenolic compounds in conferring stress resistance [20], the antioxidant activity of CE extract was investigated using C. elegans as a model organism. N2 (wild type) worms treated with CE exhibited an enhanced survival rate after juglone-induced oxidative stress in comparison with untreated worms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.), the Amazonian “Tree of Youth” Prolongs Longevity and Enhances Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2018

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The tree popularly known in Brazil as mulateiro or pau-mulato (Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) K. Schum.) is deeply embedded in the herbal medicine of the Amazon region. Different preparations of the bark are claimed to have anti-aging, antioxidant, antimicrobial, emollient, wound healing, hemostatic, contraceptive, stimulant, and anti-diabetic properties. The current study aims to provide the first step towards a science-based evidence of the beneficial effects of C. spruceanum in the promotion of longevity and in the modulation of age-related markers. For this investigation, we used the model system Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate in vivo antioxidant and anti-aging activity of a water extract from C. spruceanum. To chemically characterize the extract, HPLC MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry)/MS analyses were performed. Five secondary metabolites were identified in the extract, namely gardenoside, 5-hydroxymorin, cyanidin, taxifolin, and 5-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin-7-glucoside. C. spruceanum extract was able to enhance stress resistance and to extend lifespan along with attenuation of aging-associated markers in C. elegans. The demonstrated bioactivities apparently depend on the DAF-16/FOXO pathway. The data might support the popular claims of mulateiro as the “tree of youth”, however more studies are needed to clarify its putative benefits to human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.), the Amazonian “Tree of Youth” Prolongs Longevity and Enhances Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2018

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“…In the case of systemic administration, essential oils may cause kidney irritation, changes in intestinal mucous membrane, or they may result in neuro-and hepatotoxicity [3,47]. Side effects are connected with the dosage used, so essential oils are not recommended to be used in concentrations higher than 10% and to be overused by the systemic dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day [1,47].…”

Section: Toxicity and Resistance To Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, there are only few pieces of in vivo data about the cytotoxicity of essential oils, and their mechanism of tissues penetration, and on the possibility to use different concentrations depending on the manner of application. Currently, low concentrations of essential oils or their compounds are rather additives to ointments, creams, balms, lotions, gels, drops, or other specifics applied externally in skin diseases, aromatherapy, and massages [3,13]. Compounds of essential oils can be found also in toothpastes and mouthwashes in order to reduce the formation of bacterial plaque [44].…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Essential Oils on Infectious Agents

Piątkowska¹,

Rusiecka-Ziółkowska²

2016

Adv Clin Exp Med

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“…The concoctions used in traditional medicine are usually crude extracts in water, alcohol, distillates or essential oil, which contain many secondary metabolites (SMs) from several structural groups and their activity is often due to synergistic interactions of SMs present (Eid et al, 2012;Mulyaningsih et al, 2010). The apparent broad-spectrum activity of concoctions used in traditional medicine has been ascribed to phenolic compounds and polysaccharides (Wink, 2015). At high concentrations, SMs change membrane fluidity and increase permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some SMs such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids and furanocoumarins are both lipophilic, aromatic and planar which allows them to intercalate or alkylate DNA, thereby causing mutations and even cancer and show substantial antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxic properties (van Wyk and Wink, 2015;Wink and Schimmer, 2010;Schmeller et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Procavia capensis hyraceum used in traditional medicine for modulation of mutagen-induced genotoxicity

Asita¹,

Rantsâ€TMo²,

Magama³

et al. 2018

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Hyraceum (HM) is used in traditional medicine in Southern Africa. Three concentrations of HM (mg/ml in distilled water) (0.0156, 0.03125 and 0.0625) were assessed for cytotoxicity (CT), genotoxicity (GT) and modulation of cyclophosphamide (CP)-and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced GT using the Allium cepa assay following 24 h treatment. CP (1.00 mg/ml) and EMS (0.0375 mg/ml) were not cytotoxic but genotoxic. HM (0.03125, 0.0625 mg/ml) and its mixtures with CP or EMS induced significant reduction (p <0.05) of the mitotic index (MI) and were adjudged cytotoxic. HM alone and its mixtures with CP or EMS induced statistically significant genotoxicity (p < 0.05). Mixture of HM (0.016 mg/ml) with CP was not significantly more genotoxic than CP alone (ME 0.57). Each mixture of HM (0.03125, 0.0625 mg/ml) with CP was insignificantly less genotoxic than CP alone with modulatory effect (ME) of -0.14 and -0.01, respectively, which suggested no interaction between HM and CP. Mixtures of HM with EMS induced positive and significant (>2-fold) MEs and each mixture was significantly (p < 0.05) more genotoxic than HM or EMS alone which indicated a synergistic interaction. Sticky chromosomes, chromosome laggards, chromosome fragments, anaphase and telophase bridges, binucleate interphase cells were observed.

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Phytomedicines, Herbal Drugs, and Poisons

Cited by 100 publications

References 0 publications

Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.), the Amazonian “Tree of Youth” Prolongs Longevity and Enhances Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.), the Amazonian “Tree of Youth” Prolongs Longevity and Enhances Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

Influence of Essential Oils on Infectious Agents

Evaluation of Procavia capensis hyraceum used in traditional medicine for modulation of mutagen-induced genotoxicity

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