Phytonutrient and Nutraceutical Action against COVID-19: Current Review of Characteristics and Benefits

Pastor, Nítida; Collado, María Carmen; Manzoni, Paolo

doi:10.3390/nu13020464

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Studies range from ethnobotanical inventories and monographs to phytochemical analyses and regional reviews, all indicating the omnipresence of the food-medicine continuum across multiple floras, cultures, and contexts [15]. Most recently, a plethora of publications have appeared in relation to medicinal foods and COVID-19, where edible plants are used either as therapeutics or prophylactics [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicines in the Kitchen: Gender Roles Shape Ethnobotanical Knowledge in Marrakshi Households

Teixidor‐Toneu

Elgadi

Zine

et al. 2021

Foods

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Differences in gendered knowledge about plants are contingent on specific cultural domains. Yet the boundaries between these domains, for example food and medicine, are sometimes blurred, and it is unclear if and how gender plays a role in creating a continuum between them. Here, we present an in-depth evaluation of the links between gender, medicinal plant knowledge, and culinary culture in Marrakech, Morocco. We interviewed 30 women and 27 men with different socio-demographic characteristics and evaluated how gender and cooking frequency shape their food and medicinal plant knowledge. We documented 171 ethno-taxa used in Marrakshi households as food, medicine, or both, corresponding to 148 botanical taxa and three mixtures. While no clear differences appear in food plant knowledge by gender, women have a three-fold greater knowledge of medicinal plants, as well as plants with both uses as food and medicine. Women’s medicinal and food plant knowledge increases with their reported frequency of cooking, whereas the opposite trend is observed among men. Men who cook more are often single, have university-level degrees, and may be isolated from the channels of knowledge transmission. This demonstrates that the profound relations between the culinary and health domains are mediated through gender.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicines in the Kitchen: Gender Roles Shape Ethnobotanical Knowledge in Marrakshi Households

Teixidor‐Toneu

Elgadi

Zine

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Consistently with our hypothesis, the expression of ACE2 in tissues without evident 11betaHSD2 activity, such as the heart and brain cortex [ 29 , 30 ], remained unchanged. There are several review articles suggesting potential positive action of natural products on both prevention and treatment of the disease induced by SARS-CoV-2 [ 4 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. With respect to supporting experimental evidence, effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract on ACE2 expression have not been reported so far but the present data are consistent with the action of an extract of another plant, namely Glycyrrhiza uralensis, in the lung tissue of mice [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Enrichment with Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract Suppresses ACE2 mRNA and Protein Expression in Rats—Possible Implications for COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key entry point of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus known to induce Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have recently outlined a concept to reduce ACE2 expression by the administration of glycyrrhizin, a component of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, via its inhibitory activity on 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) and resulting activation of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). We hypothesized that in organs such as the ileum, which co-express 11betaHSD2, MR and ACE2, the expression of ACE2 would be suppressed. We studied organ tissues from an experiment originally designed to address the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on stress response. Male Sprague Dawley rats were left undisturbed or exposed to chronic mild stress for five weeks. For the last two weeks, animals continued with a placebo diet or received a diet containing extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight/day. Quantitative PCR measurements showed a significant decrease in gene expression of ACE2 in the small intestine of rats fed with diet containing Glycyrrhiza glabra extract. This effect was independent of the stress condition and failed to be observed in non-target tissues, namely the heart and the brain cortex. In the small intestine we also confirmed the reduction of ACE2 at the protein level. Present findings provide evidence to support the hypothesis that Glycyrrhiza glabra extract may reduce an entry point of SARS-CoV-2. Whether this phenomenon, when confirmed in additional studies, is linked to the susceptibility of cells to the virus requires further studies.

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“…Pseudorabies virus (PRV) [211], SARS (kaempferol, kaempferol glycosides, and acylated kaempferol glucoside derivatives (such as afzelin, juglanin, tiliroside, and tiliroside derivatives)) [212], Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) [130,213] 6 , Equine Arteritis virus (EAV) [214], SARS-CoV-2 [215][216][217][218][219], HIV-1 [220][221][222], H1N1 Influenza virus [223], HSV-1 and HSV-2 [224], H9N2 swine Influenza virus [225] Table 1. Cont.…”

Section: Kaempferolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases

et al. 2021

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Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.

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Phytonutrient and Nutraceutical Action against COVID-19: Current Review of Characteristics and Benefits

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Medicines in the Kitchen: Gender Roles Shape Ethnobotanical Knowledge in Marrakshi Households

Medicines in the Kitchen: Gender Roles Shape Ethnobotanical Knowledge in Marrakshi Households

Food Enrichment with Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract Suppresses ACE2 mRNA and Protein Expression in Rats—Possible Implications for COVID-19

Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases

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