Phytonutrients and Antioxidant Properties of Rice By-products

Tan, Bee Ling; Norhaizan, Mohd Esa

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46153-9_4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Rice bran contains various bioactive substances and nutrients including vitamins, lipids, protein, γ-oryzanol, phenolic compounds, and trace minerals [7]. Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that oxidative stress and chronic diseases can be mediated by nutrient-rich antioxidants [130].…”

Section: Application In Food Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent finding found that γ-oryzanol-enriched rice bran oil was shown to decrease cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients, suggesting that γ-oryzanol-enriched rice bran oil may decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor [6]. In addition, vitamin E and some phenolic compounds in rice bran are also shown a potentially beneficial effect, for instance, anticancer and antioxidative activity [7]. Nevertheless, rice bran is often used as animal feed or discarded as waste [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice Bran: From Waste to Nutritious Food Ingredients

Tan

Norhaizan

Chan³

2023

Nutrients

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a principal food for more than half of the world’s people. Rice is predominantly consumed as white rice, a refined grain that is produced during the rice milling process which removes the bran and germ and leaves the starchy endosperm. Rice bran is a by-product produced from the rice milling process, which contains many bioactive compounds, for instance, phenolic compounds, tocotrienols, tocopherols, and γ-oryzanol. These bioactive compounds are thought to protect against cancer, vascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Extraction of rice bran oil also generates various by-products including rice bran wax, defatted rice bran, filtered cake, and rice acid oil, and some of them exert bioactive substances that could be utilized as functional food ingredients. However, rice bran is often utilized as animal feed or discarded as waste. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the role of rice bran in metabolic ailments. The bioactive constituents and food product application of rice bran were also highlighted in this study. Collectively, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism and the role of these bioactive compounds exerted in the rice bran would provide a useful approach for the food industry and prevent metabolic ailments.

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Section: Application In Food Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Bran: From Waste to Nutritious Food Ingredients

Tan

Norhaizan

Chan³

2023

Nutrients

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“…A growing body of evidence suggests that IP6 has beneficial effects on suppressing the progression of diseases such as inflammatory bowels, diabetes, inflammatory cardiovascular disorders, and malignant tumors (Bizzarri et al., 2020; Grases et al., 2006; Liao et al., 2007; Shamsuddin, 2002; Silva & Bracarense, 2016). In addition, previous studies have demonstrated that IP6 has a profound impact on the formation of chelating free oxygen radicals, thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and alleviating exacerbation of pro‐inflammatory‐related diseases (Graf & Eaton, 1990; Katayama, 1999; Ko & Godin, 1990; Lv et al., 2015; Shin et al., 2020; Tan & Norhaizan, 2020). These medical benefits outweigh the anti‐nutritional side effects of IP6; regardless, IP6 is also an anti‐nutritional component that has been reported to hinder the absorption of ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inositol hexaphosphate modulates the behavior of macrophages through alteration of gene expression involved in pathways of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses, and resolution of inflammation pathways

Wee

Yang

Chen

et al. 2021

Food Science & Nutrition

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Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a dietary compound commonly obtained from corn, rice, etc. Although we may consume significant amount of IP6 daily, it is unclear whether this diet will impact macrophages’ fate and function. Therefore, we characterized the underlying relationship between IP6 and macrophage polarization in this study. We specifically examined the signature gene expression profiles associated with pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses, and resolution of inflammation pathways in macrophages under the influence of IP6. Interestingly, our data suggested that IP6 polarizes bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) into an M2a‐like subtype. Our results also demonstrated that IP6 reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory responses in macrophages. In contrast, the expression levels of genes related to anti‐inflammatory responses and resolution of inflammation pathways are upregulated. Our findings collectively demonstrated that IP6 has profound modulation effects on macrophages, which warrant further research on the therapeutic benefits of IP6 for inflammatory diseases.

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