Phytophthora alni sp. nov. and its variants: designation of emerging heteroploid hybrid pathogens spreading on Alnus trees

Brasier, C. M.; Kirk, Susan; Delcan, Jose; Cooke, D. E. L.; Jung, T.; veld, Willem A. Man In't

doi:10.1017/s0953756204001005

Cited by 271 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Based on preliminary examination, most of these isolates belong to P. alni subsp. alni, which generally corresponds to the situation in Europe (Brasier et al 2004). However, further studies, including molecular ones, are required for obtaining detailed data on the subspecies composition of P. alni populations in the country.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The cause of the disease was identified as a novel Phytophthora, initially referred to as "alder-Phytophthora", a species hybrid (Brasier et al 1995(Brasier et al , 1999. Later it was described as Phytophthora alni Brasier et S. A. Kirk comprising a range of phenotypically diverse allopolyploid genotypes (Brasier et al 2004). Therefore P. alni was split into three subspecies, P. alni ssp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phytophthora alder decline: disease symptoms, causal agent and its distribution in the Czech Republic

Černý¹,

Strnadová²

2010

Plant Prot. Sci.

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AbstractČerný K., Strnadová V. (2010): Phytophthora alder decline: disease symptoms, causal agent and its distribution in the Czech Republic. Plant Protect. Sci., 46: 12-18.Phytophthora decline of riparian alder populations has recently become an important problem in many European countries, including the Czech Republic. The causal agent, Phytophthora alni, has spread quickly in the Czech Republic. Hundreds of kilometres of riparian alder stands, especially in the western part of the country, have been severely affected to date. Diseased trees show symptoms characteristic of Phytophthora root and collar rot; these include small, sparse and yellowing foliage, crown dieback, presence of exudates on the bark and necroses of collar and root tissues. Infected trees usually die within a few years, or they become irreversibly damaged, and their function in bank reinforcement declines. The ecological and mechanical functioning of severely affected alder stands may be seriously disrupted.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

Phytophthora alder decline: disease symptoms, causal agent and its distribution in the Czech Republic

Černý¹,

Strnadová²

2010

Plant Prot. Sci.

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“…Elsewhere, P. austrocedraehas been reported as a serious pathogen of juniper (Juniperus communis) in the United Kingdom (Green et al 2012). Phytophthora × alni, a natural hybrid thought to have originated in tree nurseries, has spread throughout Europe where it has caused massive mortality in natural populations and plantations of Alnus species (Brasier et al 2004;Hansen 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Burgess

White

McDougall

et al. 2017

Pac. Conserv. Biol.

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The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for biodiversity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia's native ecosystems; however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the sampling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of highthroughput sequencing. Here, we report on the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil samples and we compare the diversity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia's native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia's unique ecosystems.

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“…alni (PAA) for several reasons. First, chlamydospores, as potential resting structures, are not observed in this organism (Brasier et al 2004). Second, a high proportion of oospores as putative survival structures are either fully aborted or thin-walled, and normally developed oospores usually have low viability (Brasier et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This cause of lethal root and collar rot disease, formerly known as alder-Phytophthora and more recently named Phytophthora alni (Brasier et al 2004), affects three European Alnus species: the black, grey and Italian alders (Jung, Blaschke 2006). The pathogen is distributed throughout Western, Northern, Central and Southern Europe and causes significant losses of trees in some European countries (Gibbs et al 1999;Streito et al 2002;Jung, Blaschke 2004) as it spreads eastward.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter survival of Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in aerial tissues of black alder

Černý¹,

Strnadová²

2012

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The winter survival of the invasive pathogen Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in black alder stems was studied in the bankside alder stand of the Moravská Dyje River in southern Bohemia after two very different winter seasons: cold in 2008/2009, with the average temperature of -1.96°C, and extremely mild in 2006/2007, with the average temperature of 2.54°C. The difference in these two winters resembles the expected potential climate change in Central Europe in this century. After the cold winter of 2008/2009, the pathogen survived in only 13.91% of the samples, with the average survival rate of 2.70%. The pathogen survived the mild winter much better and was successfully isolated from 86.09% of the samples, with the average survival rate of 25.52%. Moreover, the total thickness of the covering tissues (outer + inner bark) and exposure to the most heated southwestern quadrant of stem girth positively affected the pathogen survival. Winter freezing seems to be an important environmental factor regulating the pathogen survival in alder stems and disease severity.

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Phytophthora alni sp. nov. and its variants: designation of emerging heteroploid hybrid pathogens spreading on Alnus trees

Cited by 271 publications

References 13 publications

Phytophthora alder decline: disease symptoms, causal agent and its distribution in the Czech Republic

Phytophthora alder decline: disease symptoms, causal agent and its distribution in the Czech Republic

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Winter survival of Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in aerial tissues of black alder

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