Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands—A Root Pathogen of the Jarrah Forest

Batini, F. E.; Hopkins, E. R.

doi:10.1080/00049158.1972.10675570

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…On dieback sites, jarrah mortality is sporadic. Dying jarrah trees were recorded in 1921, 1928 (Batini and Hopkins 1972), in the late 1940's (Wallace and Hatch 1953), the late 1950's (Batini and Hopkins 1972), about 1964, 1973(McKinneU 1981) and 1982(Shea et al 1982 and are associated with exceptionally heavy rainfall. A stress index calculated from Dwellingup winter and summer rainfall data (White 1969) shows that deaths in the late 1940's and mid 1960's and 1973 followed excessively wet winters and unusually dry summers, while deaths in the late 1950's and in 1982 followed heavy summer cyclonic rainfall, when more than 200 mm fell in less than 48 hours (Fig 2).…”

Section: Importance Of Soil Drainagementioning

confidence: 98%

The role of waterlogging andPhytophthora cinnamomi in the decline and death ofEucalyptus marginata in Western Australia

Davison¹

1988

GeoJournal

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About 14% of the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest in Western Australia is infested with the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi. P. cinnarnomi can infect jarrah roots causing cankers in the phloem. It also modifies forest sites, however, by killing many understorey species. Jarrah trees die in greater numbers on poorly drained, infested sites following exceptionally heavy rainfall. Experiments have shown that when jarrah seedlings are waterlogged the number of functional xylem vessels in the tap root is reduced; as transpiration continues, the plants wilt and die. In anoxic conditions P. cinnamomi will not sporulate, but zoospores will germinate and grow. Infection of jarrah roots by zoospores can be increased by soil saturation. Thus the drainage characteristics of a site will affect both the ability of jarrah to grow on that site as well as its infection by P. cinnarnomi.

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Section: Importance Of Soil Drainagementioning

confidence: 98%

The role of waterlogging andPhytophthora cinnamomi in the decline and death ofEucalyptus marginata in Western Australia

Davison¹

1988

GeoJournal

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“…This confusion is firstly because Podger (1968;1972) expanded the definition of jarrah dieback to include the death of many mid-and under-storey species that also died on infested sites, and secondly, because he did not report the very low isolation frequency of P. cinnamomi from jarrah trees (Table 1, Davison 2011). Podger (1968, however, isolated P. cinnamomi from most of the sites where jarrah trees had died (although he mentions one site where jarrah had died but B. grandis was still alive).…”

Section: P Cinnamomi Waterlogging and The Death Of Jarrah Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although P. cinnamomi had been isolated from jarrah, it had only been isolated from 5 % of the sampled trees (Table 1), and this low recovery did not satisfy the first of Koch's postulates. It is unfortunate that Podger (1968;1972) did not draw attention to this low isolation frequency at the time. It had been isolated more frequently from B. grandis (29 %) and from soil samples (23 %).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…from field samples of jarrah roots and soil were unsuccessful, but P. cinnamomi was eventually isolated in 1964 from forest soil used in glasshouse experiments (Podger et al 1965). Podger spent the next two years testing the hypothesis that P. cinnamomi caused jarrah dieback (Podger 1968;1972). He showed that it was consistently isolated from dieback sites but not from unaffected forest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth measurements of six trees however showed that jarrah grew at less than 15 % of the rate of ten trees of similar size in nearby healthy forest (Podger 1972) so foresters believed that once a site became infested, growth rate would decrease, sites would be unproductive, and the jarrah trees would eventually die. Consequently research centred on learning more about P. cinnamomi under WA conditions, mapping its distribution, minimising spread, and looking for field tolerant timber species for replanting (Wallace 1969;Podger and Batini 1971;Batini and Hopkins 1972;Batini 1973;Christensen 1975;Shea 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resolving confusions about jarrah dieback - don’t forget the plants

Davison

2014

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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The name jarrah dieback has been used for two different disorders, leading to considerable confusion. It was coined in the 1940s to describe the sudden death of groups of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) trees in south western Western Australia, which occurred on poorly drained sites, following exceptionally heavy rainfall. In the 1960s these sites were shown to be infested by Phytophthora cinnamomi and jarrah deaths were attributed to it, even though it was only isolated from 5 % of sampled trees. Also the definition of jarrah dieback was expanded to include deaths of many other plants on infested sites, from which P. cinnamomi was more readily isolated. Jarrah trees die from severe water deficiency, indicating problems with water conduction through roots. Xylem vessel diameters vary along roots, being narrow at the root collar, while distally they are larger, providing water storage. Jarrah transpires vigorously during summer, accessing water at depth on sites with deep soil, but being more dependent on internally stored water when root systems are shallower. Following waterlogging, sapwood vessels become blocked with tyloses, reducing both conductivity and potential water storage; such trees may have insufficient water reserves for summer survival. In jarrah P. cinnamomi is unlikely to cause water deficiency because sapwood invasion is rapidly contained in healthy roots. Recent investigations into P. cinnamomi invasion and host responses in other plants show that it can potentially cause a vascular wilt in Banksia spp. and chronic, symptomless infections in herbaceous plants. Susceptibility to waterlogging damage, and/or mortality resulting from infection by P. cinnamomi can only be clarified by detailed knowledge of the hosts and their vulnerabilities. This is essential for making diagnoses, devising management strategies, and avoiding the confusions of the past.

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Jarrah dieback — A disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi

Dell¹,

Malajczuk²

1989

The Jarrah Forest

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Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands—A Root Pathogen of the Jarrah Forest

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

The role of waterlogging andPhytophthora cinnamomi in the decline and death ofEucalyptus marginata in Western Australia

The role of waterlogging andPhytophthora cinnamomi in the decline and death ofEucalyptus marginata in Western Australia

Resolving confusions about jarrah dieback - don’t forget the plants

Jarrah dieback — A disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi

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