Phytophthora in the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area

Scarlett, Kelly; Daniel, Rosalie; Shuttleworth, Lucas A.; Roy, Bindu; Bishop, Thomas; Guest, David

doi:10.1007/s13313-015-0355-6

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Most of these newly described species were known only from WA, with only P. multivora known to have a global distribution. Detailed soil sampling in south-east Qld and central NSW identified eight Phytophthora species (Scarlett et al 2015), but did not recover any of the new species from WA, except P. multivora. However, five species (P. thermophila, P. amnicola, P. elongata, P. gregataand P. multivora) were recovered during sampling in Victoria from soil and water .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Burgess

White

McDougall

et al. 2017

Pac. Conserv. Biol.

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The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for biodiversity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia's native ecosystems; however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the sampling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of highthroughput sequencing. Here, we report on the diversity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil samples and we compare the diversity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia's native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia's unique ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia

Burgess

White

McDougall

et al. 2017

Pac. Conserv. Biol.

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“…The abundance and diversity of Phytophthora species known to be negatively impacting forest trees are increasing (Hansen, 2015;Scott and Williams, 2014;Studholme et al, 2016). The knowledge of Phytophthora species diversity within forests is limited (Hansen et al, 2012), although momentum is building to characterize these populations phylogenetically and to better understand their biology and impacts on forest health (Burgess et al, 2017;Scarlett et al, 2015). Tree diseases are likely to be ongoing and permanent features of the Anthropocene forest landscape as a result of human activities (Potter and Urquhart, 2017) with economic, landscape and societal impacts (Drake and Jones, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing of oomycete isolates from Chile supports the New Zealand origin of Phytophthora kernoviae and makes available the first Nothophytophthora sp. genome

Studholme

Panda

Sanfuentes

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Summary Genome sequences were generated for six oomycete isolates collected from forests in Valdivia, Chile. Three of the isolates were identified morphologically as Phytophthora kernoviae , whereas two were similar to other clade 10 Phytophthora species. One isolate was tentatively identified as Nothophytophthora valdiviana based on nucleotide sequence similarity in the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene. This is the first genome sequence for this recently described genus. The genome assembly was more fragmented and contained many duplicated genes when compared with the other Phytophthora sequences. Comparative analyses were performed with genomic sequences of the P. kernoviae isolates from the UK and New Zealand. Although the potential New Zealand origin of P. kernoviae has been suggested, new isolations from Chile had cast doubt on this hypothesis. We present evidence supporting P. kernoviae as having originated in New Zealand. However, investigation of the diversity of oomycete species in Chile has been limited and warrants further exploration. We demonstrate the expediency of genomic analyses in determining phylogenetic relationships between isolates within new and often scantly represented taxonomic groups, such as Phytophthora clade 10 and Nothophytophthora . Data are available on GenBank via BioProject accession number PRJNA352331.

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“…In addition to the formal species, a provisional species in clade 10, Phytophthora gondwanense prov. nom., has recently been recovered from rivers in the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area (Scarlett et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%