Phytoplankton aggregate formation: observations of patterns and mechanisms of cell sticking and the significance of exopolymeric material

Kiørboe, Thomas; Hansen, Jørgen L.S.

doi:10.1093/plankt/15.9.993

Cited by 250 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…With this relationship and the concentrations of Chl a and TEP during M36/2, values for a between 0.03 and 0.08 are obtained (Table 1). These values are quite low and comparable to the stickiness of cells in healthy cultures (Ki^rboe and Hansen, 1993). However, Engel (2000) determined the stickiness only for senescent phytoplankton, where the Chl a content of cells was quite low and the TEP:Chl a ratio consequently rather high (range 250-3800 mg Xeq.…”

Section: Tep Effect On Aggregation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and their potential significance for aggregation processes

Engel

2004

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

129

104

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The abundance of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) was determined in the northeast Atlantic Ocean (40-55 N, B20 W) during several cruises from June to November 1996. An accumulation of TEP in the water column was observed at bloom and post-bloom sites along a 20 W transect in June/July (maximum concentration: 124 mg Gum Xanthan equivalents (Xeq.) l À1 ), but concentrations were uniformly low (mean concentration: 28.5710.2 mg Xeq. l À1 ) during autumn at the BIOTRANS site (47 N, 20 W). TEP concentrations in the open northeast Atlantic were considerably lower than previously published values from coastal sites. However, during June/July TEP:Chl a (weight/ weight) ratios were comparable to values at coastal seas. It is suggested that phytoplankton production modulates TEP concentration in the open ocean as it does in coastal systems. TEP contributed significantly to the organic carbon pool as derived from the ratio TEP-C:POC, in summer (mean percentage: 1777.5; w/w), as well as in autumn (mean percentage: 18711, w/w). The potential influence of TEP on particle coagulation rates in the northeast Atlantic was assessed from estimates of their influence on particle stickiness and on particle volume concentrations. This indicated that TEP may be essential for initiating particle aggregation at low biomass concentrations, typical for open ocean sites. r

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Section: Tep Effect On Aggregation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and their potential significance for aggregation processes

Engel

2004

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

129

104

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“…This suggests that other processes were the key drivers of the difference in OM retention in the water column. Differences in phytoplankton community composition, nutritional status and growth phase of the cells can profoundly influence the coagulation efficiency (Kiørboe et al, 1990;Kiørboe and Hansen, 1993;Burd and Jackson, 2009). However, measurements of the in situ particle size spectrum by Taucher et al (in review) did not reveal CO 2 related differences for the start and rate of aggregate formation.…”

Section: Discussion Temporal Development Of Pom Standing Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Acidification-Induced Restructuring of the Plankton Food Web Can Influence the Degradation of Sinking Particles

et al. 2018

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Ocean acidification (OA) is expected to alter plankton community structure in the future ocean. This, in turn, could change the composition of sinking organic matter and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. So far, most OA experiments involving entire plankton communities have been conducted in meso-to eutrophic environments. However, recent studies suggest that OA effects may be more pronounced during prolonged periods of nutrient limitation. In this study, we investigated how OA-induced changes in low-nutrient adapted plankton communities of the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean may affect particulate organic matter (POM) standing stocks, POM fluxes, and POM stoichiometry. More specifically, we compared the elemental composition of POM suspended in the water column to the corresponding sinking material collected in sediment traps. Three weeks into the experiment, we simulated a natural upwelling event by adding nutrient-rich deep-water to all mesocosms, which induced a diatom-dominated phytoplankton bloom. Our results show that POM was more efficiently retained in the water column in the highest CO 2 treatment levels (>800 µatm pCO 2 ) subsequent to this bloom. We further observed significantly lower C:N and C:P ratios in post-bloom sedimented POM in the highest CO 2 treatments, suggesting that degradation processes were less pronounced. This trend is most likely explained by differences in micro-and mesozooplankton abundance during the bloom and postbloom phase. Overall, this study shows that OA can indirectly alter POM fluxes and stoichiometry in subtropical environments through changes in plankton community structure.

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“…When B1 was grown on MSM supplied with glucose, a dual carbon source (glucose and hexadecane) or hexadecane, the values of MATH were 0.04, 0.74, and 0.89 respectively. Some investigators have reported that changes in the carbon source can affect the cell wall, thus affecting cell surface hydrophobicity [40,41]. The surface hydrophobicity of some Pseudomonas bacteria has been shown to decrease when the bacteria are grown on carbon sources such as glucose and acetate [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation of n-hexadecane by bacterial strains B1 and B2 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil

et al. 2012

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Two hydrocarbon-biodegrading bacterial strains, B1 and B2, were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil collected from Tianjin, China. The strains were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (B1) and Acinetobacter junii (B2). The degradation rate of n-hexadecane by B1 and B2 reached 96% and 78% respectively after 7 days, though the strains employed different mechanisms of degradation. The results showed that B2 was not able to use glucose as carbon source. B1 could produce glycolipid surfactants using glucose as the carbon source, according to the results of blue agar plate analysis and thin layer chromatography (TLC), and the bacterial culture of B1 had a high oil discharge and emulsification activity. Both B1 and B2 could produce biosurfactants with hexadecane as the sole carbon source, but their modes of action were different. The carbon source was found to affect the cell surface hydrophobicity. Cell surface hydrophobicity was poor with glucose as the carbon source, but enhanced when hexadecane was used as the carbon source.

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Phytoplankton aggregate formation: observations of patterns and mechanisms of cell sticking and the significance of exopolymeric material

Cited by 250 publications

References 0 publications

Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and their potential significance for aggregation processes

Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and their potential significance for aggregation processes

Ocean Acidification-Induced Restructuring of the Plankton Food Web Can Influence the Degradation of Sinking Particles

Biodegradation of n-hexadecane by bacterial strains B1 and B2 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil

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