Phytoplankton and bacterial assemblages in ballast water of U.S. military ships as a function of port of origin, voyage time, and ocean exchange practices

Burkholder, JoAnn M.; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M.; Melia, Gregory C. R.; Cohen, A. N.; Bowers, Holly A.; Oldach, David; Parrow, Matthew W.; Sullivan, Michael J.; Zimba, Paul V.; Allen, Elle H.; Kinder, Carol A.; Mallin, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2006.11.006

Cited by 113 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In the past two decades, most ballast water studies have focused on the examination of species collected before and after ballast water exchange at the end of voyages to assess the importance of ballast water discharge as a vector (e.g., Zhang and Dickman 1999;Burkholder et al 2007). Although such studies can provide information on introduced species in ballast water, they do not provide information on the adaptive ecology and growth strategies of the species after introduction in to a receiving ecosystem.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and salinity on growth ofThalassiosira pseudonana(Bacillariophyceae) isolated from ballast water

Baek

Jung

Shin

2011

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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We examined the impacts of environmental factors on the survival of ballast water-introduced planktonic organisms and specifically described the effects of temperature and salinity on growth of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. In salinity gradient experiments for natural phytoplankton communities of the vessel Daewoo Diamond, several freshwater and marine species were successfully identified. Of these, T. pseudonana was the dominant species in all salinity conditions (2-30 psu). In combination experiments of temperature and salinity with a T. pseudonana monoculture, the organism did not grow between 5 C and 10 C in freshwater culture media but exhibited growth at low temperature (5 C) in brackish and marine waters. Furthermore, the T. pseudonana population grew significantly with increasing of temperature (10-30 C) in brackish and marine waters. Our results indicate that T. pseudonana is well adapted to euryhaline and eurythermal conditions and its viability is suitable for successful colonization into local Korean aquatic ecosystems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and salinity on growth ofThalassiosira pseudonana(Bacillariophyceae) isolated from ballast water

Baek

Jung

Shin

2011

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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“…High relative contributions of diatoms in the sediments probably mirror the composition of the assemblages most often found in the ballast waters, with or without offshore exchange (e.g. , McCollin et al 2007, Burkholder et al 2007); except, perhaps, for those tanks that ballast in areas notably under freshwater influence in which cyanobacteria and chlorophytes may dominate (e.g. Olenin et al 2000).…”

Section: Propagule Numbers and Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Viable diatoms have been found in ballast tanks, as demonstrated by incubation experiments with ballast waters (Subba Rao et al 1994, Rhodes et al 1998, Forbes & Hallegraeff 2002, McCarthy & Crowder 2000, Marangoni et al 2001, Burkholder et al 2007) and ballast sediments (Hallegraeff & Bolch 1992, Kelly 1993, Pertola et al 2006, although growth rate potentials had not been quantified before. In our case, the sum of all diatoms detected in the live samples at arrival was 5.4 × 10 9 cells (12 ICU ships calling on Saint John harbor within 2 wk; Table 2).…”

Section: Effective Propagule Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further extrapolation to cells per ship based on total number and volume of tanks in a given ship indicated EC-83 as transporting the highest diatom concentrations of all ships investigated (1.6 × 10 12 cells; Table 2). In the results and discussions that follow, we will consider cells per tank as a more accurate estimate of propagule pressure, since inter-tank variability has been demonstrated for dinoflagellates in the sediments (Hamer et al 2000) and phytoplankton in the water (Burkholder et al 2007). …”

Section: Propagule Numbers and Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medcof 1975, Carlton 1985, Carlton & Geller 1993, Galil & Hülsmann 1997, Drake et al 2007 and, among the microalgae, diatoms and dinoflagellates are well represented in abundance and diversity (e.g. Hallegraeff & Bolch 1992, Marangoni et al 2001, Forbes & Hallegraeff 2002, Burkholder et al 2007, Klein et al 2009a. Dinoflagellates have been a frequent target of more in-depth investigation (Hallegraeff & Bolch 1992, Rigby & Hallegraeff 1994, Hamer et al 2000, 2001, Pertola et al 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating propagule pressure and viability of diatoms detected in ballast tank sediments of ships arriving at Canadian ports

Villac¹,

Kaczmarska²

2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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This research uses the concept of propagule pressure (number of individuals introduced and number of introduction attempts) to investigate human-mediated bioinvasion patterns. We quantified diatoms in the sediments of ballast tanks of commercial ships arriving on both Canadian coasts during 2007 to 2009. Diatom cell concentrations varied from non-detected to 10 5 cells g -1 wet weight (10 11 cells per tank). Although the lowest values were often found in tanks that underwent ballast water exchange, the highest concentrations (10 9 to 10 11 cells per tank) were detected in all voyage categories: transoceanic with ballast exchange (TOE), and intra-coastal with exchange (ICE) and without exchange (ICU). For the west coast, 36% of tanks carried detectable quantities of diatoms and there was no statistical difference between ship categories. For the east coast, 60% of tanks contained diatoms; ICU represented a bioinvasion pattern based on more frequent events with consistently lower cell concentrations, whereas ICE and TOE corresponded to less frequent events, though more variable in cell concentrations. Diversity reached 40 taxa per tank, including resting stages and cells that were supposedly growing vegetatively. New records may lead to introduction hypotheses that ought not to be accepted uncritically. Cell viability was tested using the vital stain fluorescein diacetate; parallel counts of protoplasm integrity and chlorophyll autofluorescence revealed that all 3 indicators gave results within the same order of magnitude. Inoculation of 0.2 to 0.5 ml of the slurry into culture media led to the growth of diatoms, even of taxa not initially detected. Within 7 d, cultured assemblages reached cell concentrations equivalent to 1.8 to 4.4 doublings of the original inoculation. KEY WORDS: Diatoms · Biological invasion · Ballast sediment · Propagule pressure · Phytoplankton viability Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 425: [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] 2011 A wide range of organisms are transported in ship ballast tanks (e.g. Medcof 1975, Carlton 1985, Carlton & Geller 1993, Galil & Hülsmann 1997, Drake et al. 2007 and, among the microalgae, diatoms and dinoflagellates are well represented in abundance and diversity (e.g. Hallegraeff & Bolch 1992, Marangoni et al. 2001, Forbes & Hallegraeff 2002, Burkholder et al. 2007, Klein et al. 2009a. Dinoflagellates have been a frequent target of more in-depth investigation (Hallegraeff & Bolch 1992, Rigby & Hallegraeff 1994, Hamer et al. 2000, 2001, Pertola et al. 2006. This is mostly due to a valid perception of the survival advantage of cyst-forming species under the adverse conditions found in ballast tanks, as well as being a repercussion of case studies of toxin-producing species known to impact fisheries and aquaculture, whose bioinvasion histories have been charted based on paleontological records and/or molecular evidence (McMinn et al. 1997, Scholin 1998, Doblin et al....

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Causes of Harmful Algal Blooms

Glibert

Burkholder

2018

Harmful Algal Blooms

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Phytoplankton and bacterial assemblages in ballast water of U.S. military ships as a function of port of origin, voyage time, and ocean exchange practices

Cited by 113 publications

References 82 publications

Effects of temperature and salinity on growth ofThalassiosira pseudonana(Bacillariophyceae) isolated from ballast water

Effects of temperature and salinity on growth ofThalassiosira pseudonana(Bacillariophyceae) isolated from ballast water

Estimating propagule pressure and viability of diatoms detected in ballast tank sediments of ships arriving at Canadian ports

Causes of Harmful Algal Blooms

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