Phytoplankton and episodic suspended sediment loading: Phosphate partitioning and mechanisms for survival

Burkholder, JoAnn M.

doi:10.4319/lo.1992.37.5.0974

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This suggested that bigger phytoplankton cells (that were not tychopelagic) were less able to cope with sediment loading and were not well adapted to turbid low light conditions. These results correspond to reports that larger phytoplankton cells can be rapidly removed from the water column when exposed to increasing sediment loads (Burkholder 1992).…”

Section: Currents Waves and Turbidly Effects On Microalgal Communitiessupporting

confidence: 73%

Microalgal populations of three New Zealand coastal locations: forcing functions and benthic-pelagic links

Safi¹

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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I investigated spatial and temporal variability in benthic and pelagic (phytoplankton) microalgal assemblages in 2 harbours and a coastal embayment off the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand in late spring, summer and autumn. For the first time pelagic microalgal assemblages were sampled just above the sediment in the layer from which suspension feeders are likely to feed (~10 cm). Benthic microalgal assemblages were also assessed within the sediments. Strong links were observed between pelagic and benthic microalgal populations, with the amount of benthic microalgae found in suspension correlated with current speed and turbidity. Conversely, a number of species found within the benthic counts were tychopelagic species whose life habit is to rely on currents which re-suspend them from the benthic to pelagic environment. In late spring, pelagic water samples from 1 harbour and the embayment it opened into were dominated by dinoflagellate taxa, while diatoms dominated the second harbour location. In autumn, all the locations were dominated by diatom taxa but the 2 harbours were most similar in community composition. In summer, local conditions favoured the development of different microalgal populations in each location. Both pelagic and benthic microalgal assemblages generally decreased in similarity as spatial scale increased, with populations being most similar within a sampling site and least similar between locations. Benthic microalgae assemblages were more variable than pelagic assemblages within and between sampling sites at the locations, but had a greater similarity between locations (40 to 64%). Our results provide a new insight into the scales of variability of microalgal populations within and between different nearshore environments, and identify some of the forcing factors that drive changes in microalgal composition. By sampling microalgal populations just above the sediment we have begun to characterise the microalgal communities that sustain suspension feeders.

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Section: Currents Waves and Turbidly Effects On Microalgal Communitiessupporting

confidence: 73%

Microalgal populations of three New Zealand coastal locations: forcing functions and benthic-pelagic links

Safi¹

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Particle stabilization, even at the high ionic strength of seawater, may be affected by steric effects due to the presence and adsorption of organic matter in the medium (O'Melia and Tiller, 1993). Burkholder et al (1992) described a related species of Gymnodinium sp. that releases copious amounts of mucous-like organic matter in the presence of high silt and clay.…”

Section: O~~~-~---'----~------r-----------r-----'----~'----------~mentioning

confidence: 99%

The aggregation of clay minerals and marine microalgal cells : physicochemical theory and implications for controlling harmful algal blooms

Sengco¹

2001

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In recent years, the use of clay minerals has emerged as one of the most promising strategies for directly controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs). Its principle is based on the mutual aggregation of algal cells and mineral particles, leading to the formation of large flocs that rapidly settle to the ocean floor. This work investigated the effectiveness of various domestic clays against a number of bloom-forming species from the United States. Twenty-five clays were tested against the dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve), and the chrysophyte, Aureococcus anophagefferens. In general, the highest removal efficiencies (RE > 90% at 0.25 g rl of clay) against K. brevis were found using montmorillonite, bentonite and phosphatic clays (i.e. a product of phosphate mining containing large amounts of montmorillonite). The RE of phosphatic clays remained high (> 80%) even at 0.03 g rl. Kaolinite and zeolite were mostly ineffective against K. brevis. Removal with clay exceeded those for alum, polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and several other polymeric flocculants by a factor of two. However, the combination of phosphatic clay and PAC (at 5 mg rl) decreased the amount of clay needed to maintain 80% RE by one order of magnitude. Cell viability and recovery remained high when clay loading stayed below 0.03 g rl with or without resuspension ofthe sediment. However, cell mortality approached 100% with 0.50 g rl even with daily resuspension. Between 0.10 and 0.25 g rl, K. brevis survival and recovery depended on the interplay of clay loading, the frequency of resuspension, and duration of contact prior to the first resuspension event. For A. anophagefferens, the RE did not exceed 40% for any clay at 0.25 g rl even in combination with coagulants and flocculants. The highest removal was achieved by thoroughly mixing the clay slurry (e.g. phosphatic clay) into the cell culture.The RE by phosphatic clay varied significantly in a survey consisting of 17 different species from five algal classes. Moreover, the removal trends varied substantially with increasing cell concentration. For example, cell removal increased with increasing clay loading and cell concentration for K. brevis. However, RE dropped below 70% when cell concentration was < 1000 cell ml-1 for clay loadings up to 0.50 g rl. This suggested that a critical number of organisms should be present for clays to remain effective. Similarly, enhanced removal with increasing cell concentration was also found in Akashiwo sanguinea (formerly Gymnodinium sanguineum), Heterosigma akashiwo and Heterocapsa triquetra. In the six remaining species, RE initially increased then decreased, or RE remained constant as more cells were treated. The removal pattern among the species at comparable cell numbers did not correlate with the cross-sectional area (R 2 = 0.23), swimming speed (R 2 = 0.04), or a type of cell covering (i.e. theca, silica frustule).3 However, when the total collision frequency coefficients were calculated (including collisions due to cell motilit...

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“…The larger decrease of SRP concentration inside than outside the plume may be due to phosphate uptake by Stephanodiscus. According to Burkholder (1992), increasing suspended particle concentration enhances phosphate uptake by algae as a survival mechanism under episodic sediment loading. The granulometric data ( Figure 9) and SEM observations corroborate this interpretation: the cell number of the dominant algae, Stephanodiscus, was much higher inside the plume than outside.…”

Section: Biological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Literature conclusions are often conflicting (Burkholder, 1992). A significance of floods in Lake Bourget, mainly on the Phosphorus cycle (P-cycle), has been postulated (Groleau, 1994;Vinçon-Leite et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a flood event on the biogeochemical behaviour of a mesotrophic alpine lake: Lake Bourget (Savoy)

Vinçon‐Leite

Bournet

Gayte

et al. 1998

Oceans, Rivers and Lakes: Energy and Substance Transfers at Interfaces

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A flood event which occurred during the onset of thermal stratification and of algal growth (March 1996) was studied in mesotrophic Lake Bourget (France). Both physical and biogeochemical processes occurring during this episode were assessed. The dominant effect was a decrease of nutrient concentrations along the river-lake ecotone. This phenomenon seemed mainly linked to biological factors: stimulation of the spring algal and bacterial growth. After the flood, the algae aggregated with allochthonous particles brought by the river and were rapidly eliminated by sedimentation. The effect of this early spring flood, seemed spatially restricted and rather neutral as regards lake water quality. In the lake region crossed by the river plume, the overall effect after the flood was a decrease of P available for the phytoplankton. In the open water, the P concentration was probably not modified by the load supplied by the flood.

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Phytoplankton and episodic suspended sediment loading: Phosphate partitioning and mechanisms for survival

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Microalgal populations of three New Zealand coastal locations: forcing functions and benthic-pelagic links

Microalgal populations of three New Zealand coastal locations: forcing functions and benthic-pelagic links

The aggregation of clay minerals and marine microalgal cells : physicochemical theory and implications for controlling harmful algal blooms

Impact of a flood event on the biogeochemical behaviour of a mesotrophic alpine lake: Lake Bourget (Savoy)

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