Phytoplankton and ice-algal communities in the seasonal ice zone during January (Southern Ocean, Indian sector)

Takahashi, Keigo D.; Makabe, Ryosuke; Takao, Shintaro; Kashiwase, Haruhiko; Moteki, Masato

doi:10.1007/s10872-022-00649-2

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The ice algal production generally continues through the autumn and becomes re-invigorated in spring when light conditions for water column production is low, extending the productive season and reducing seasonal oscillations in food supply for pelagic and benthic food webs (Swadling et al, 2000(Swadling et al, , 2004Kohlbach et al, 2018;Wing et al, 2018). Dominant taxa in pack ice include the diatoms Fragilariopsis curta, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Nitzschia stellata and Pseudonitzschia tugiduloides while F. curta, Entomeneis kjellmanii and N. stellata (Scott et al, 1994;Takahashi et al, 2022) and Berkeleya adeliensis (Ryan et al, 2006) are more characteristic of fast ice. Surface communities tend to be dominated by flagellated taxa such as the dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis (Thompson et al, 2006).…”

Section: Ice Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological responses to change in Antarctic sea ice habitats

et al. 2023

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Sea ice is a key habitat in the high latitude Southern Ocean and is predicted to change in its extent, thickness and duration in coming decades. The sea-ice cover is instrumental in mediating ocean–atmosphere exchanges and provides an important substrate for organisms from microbes and algae to predators. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is reliant on sea ice during key phases of its life cycle, particularly during the larval stages, for food and refuge from their predators, while other small grazers, including copepods and amphipods, either live in the brine channel system or find food and shelter at the ice-water interface and in gaps between rafted ice blocks. Fish, such as the Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum, use platelet ice (loosely-formed frazil crystals) as an essential hatching and nursery ground. In this paper, we apply the framework of the Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean (MEASO) to review current knowledge about relationships between sea ice and associated primary production and secondary consumers, their status and the drivers of sea-ice change in this ocean. We then use qualitative network modelling to explore possible responses of lower trophic level sea-ice biota to different perturbations, including warming air and ocean temperatures, increased storminess and reduced annual sea-ice duration. This modelling shows that pelagic algae, copepods, krill and fish are likely to decrease in response to warming temperatures and reduced sea-ice duration, while salp populations will likely increase under conditions of reduced sea-ice duration and increased number of days of >0°C. Differences in responses to these pressures between the five MEASO sectors were also explored. Greater impacts of environmental pressures on ice-related biota occurring presently were found for the West and East Pacific sectors (notably the Ross Sea and western Antarctic Peninsula), with likely flow-on effects to the wider ecosystem. All sectors are expected to be impacted over coming decades. Finally, we highlight priorities for future sea ice biological research to address knowledge gaps in this field.

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