Phytoplankton Species Composition and Abundance in the Southwestern Caspian Sea

Abstract

This study, accomplished is focused on the spatial and temporal distribution and species composition of phytoplankton in the southwestern Caspian Sea between January 2008 and December 2008. Samples were collected from 11 stations along three transects known as Lisar, Anzali and Sefidrood. This study identified 43 phytoplankton species comprised of diatoms (25 species), dinoflagellates (7 species), chlorophytes (6 species), cyanophytes (4 species), and euglenoids (1 species) were identified. The study showed, diatom Dactyliosolen fragilissimus and the dinofllagelate Prorocentrum cordatum numerically dominate the southwestern Caspian Sea. The annual average phytoplankton density was calculated as 2.35E+04 ± 1.63E+04 Cell L -1 , with the maximum value recorded in the winter (4.50E+04 ± 3.90E+04 Cell L -1 ). Diatoms were dominant during the autumn and winter (77.0% and 96.0%, respectively), while dinoflagellates were prevalent during the spring and summer (89.0% and 86.0%, respectively). The annual average chlorophyll a was calculated as 9.26±3.54 μg L -1 , with the maximum values were recorded in the winter (16.9±5.60 μg L -1 ). This is supported by the Spearman rank correlation result between phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a (r=0.551). The high phytoplankton cell density and chlorophyll a concentration coincided with the poor species composition. Güney Batı Hazar Denizi'nde Fitoplanktonun Tür Kompozisyonu ve Bolluğu ÖzetOcak 2008 ve Aralık 2008 arasında yapılan bu çalışma Güney Batı Hazar Denizi'nde fitoplankton'un uzaysal ve zamansal dağılımları ve tür kompozisyoları üzerine odaklanmıştır. Örnekler Lisar, Anzali and Sefidrood olarak bilinen üç kesit boyunca uzanan 11 istasyon noktasından toplandı. Diatom (25 tür), dinoflagellat (7 tür), klorofit (6 tür), cyanofit (4 tür) ve euglenoidlerden (1 tür) oluşan toplam 43 fitoplankton türü tayin edildi. Çalışma, diatom Dactyliosolen fragilissimus ve dinofllagellat Prorocentrum cordatum türlerinin sayısal olarak Güney Batı Hazar Denizini kontrol ettiğini gösterdi. Yıllık ortalama fitoplankton yoğunluğu kış döneminde kaydedilen maksimum değeriyle (4,50E+04 ± 3,90E+04 Cell L -1 ) 2,35E+04 ± 1,63E+04 Cell L -1 olarak hesaplandı. Dinoflagellatlar ilkbahar ve yaz döneminde (sırasıyla %89,0 ve 86,0), diatomeler sonbahar ve kış dönemi boyunca baskın grup olmuşlardır (sırasıyla 77,0% ve 96,0). Kışın kaydedilen maksimum değeriyle (16,9 ± 5,60 μg L -1 ), yıllık ortalama klorofil a değeri 9,26 ± 3,54 μg L -1 olarak hesaplandı. Bu durum fitoplankton bolluğu ve klorofil a arasındaki Spearman rank korelasyon sonucu (r=0,551) tarafından da desteklenmiştir. Fitoplankton biyomas ve klorofil a yüksek olduğu halde, tür çeşitliliği bakımından fakir olmuştur.

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“…Considering contributions of different taxonomic groups to the total phytoplankton cell density, diatoms were still an important group both qualitatively and quantitatively in the south western Caspian Sea in the study period (Figure 3). Similar to previous studies in the Caspian Sea (Nasrollahzade et al, 2008a, 2008bBagheri et al, 2011Bagheri et al, , 2012bBagheri et al, , 2012c, this study showed that diatom communities were represented by a few dominant species such as D. fragilissimus and T. nitzschioides in the system. However, it is known that as aquatic systems are polluted by excessive anthropogenic nutrient inputs by rivers or other discharges such as domestic waste waters, qualitative and quantitative exchanges between different taxonomic groups of phytoplankton will generally be broken down against to the diatoms (Turkoglu and Koray, 2000Turkoglu, 2005; Table 5.…”

“…On the other hand, Sharifi (2006) noted that the monthly average precipitation amounts exceeded monthly average evaporation levels in the south western Caspian Sea. Reverse to the annual findings in temperature, the salinity values during the study were more similar to the previous findings (Dumont, 1998;Kideys and Moghim, 2003;Roohi et al, 2010;Hosseini, 2011;Bagheri et al, 2012bBagheri et al, , 2012c.…”

“…Due to the extensive agricultural utilization and deforestation of woodlands, the nutrient loads of rivers have increased since the early 2000s (Kideys et al, 2008;Bagheri et al, 2014). The increased nutrient load in the south western of the Caspian Sea after 2000 caused a raise in primary production supported by high phytoplankton abundance (Bagheri et al, 2012b(Bagheri et al, , 2012c.…”

List of Zooplankton Taxa in the Caspian Sea Waters of Iran

“…Rodionov [21], Bilio and Niermann [22], and Polonskii et al [23] theorized that hydrobiological changes in the Caspian Sea, Black Sea, and Baltic Sea during the 1990s and 2000s could de�nitely be correlated to these changes. Recent remarks on other seas indicated that the shiing plankton communities can also be related to climatic inconsistency [7,[24][25][26].…”

Relationship Between Light Intensity and Abundance of Dinoflagellate in Samalona Island, Makassar (Keterkaitan Intensitas Cahaya dan Kelimpahan Dinoflagellate di Pulau Samalona, Makassar)

“…Selain klorofil-a, terdapat pula klorofil-b, klorofil-c, dan pigmen-pigmen pelengkap lainnya yang ditemukan pada beberapa jenis organisme yang berfotosintesis. Klorofil-a dan klorofil-c ini dapat memberi sumbangsih indikator pertumbuhan dinoflagellate, seperti jenis Protoceratium reticulatum (Bagheri et al, 2012). Klorofil-a dan klorofil-c menunjukkan peningkatan pertumbuhan dinoflagellate (Protoceratium reticulatum) seiring dengan peningkatan kandungan unsur hara, seperti nitrat dan fosfat yang tinggi serta penyinaran sinar matahari yang cukup (Ratti et al, 2011).…”