Phytopreventative effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum against acute Indomethacin‐induced gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in rats

Abstract

In the present study, the phytoprotective effects of gypenosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum throughout the gastrointestinal tract and kidney were examined in indomethacin-treated rats. Indomethacin induced gastric and intestinal damage as well as renal toxicity after a single toxicological dose (10 mg/kg) in rats. Acute oral administration of the gypenoside extract (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced gastric and intestinal toxicity induced by indomethacin as measured by ulceration, caecal haemoglobin and plasma haptoglobin. A significant decrease in small intestinal lactose fermenting enterobacteria was evident in animals treated with indomethacin and those pre-treated with G. pentaphyllum then indomethacin. In the renal system, kidney toxicity was evident after indomethacin and in animals pre-treated with indomethacin plus G. pentaphyllum with an increase in urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and a decrease in urinary sodium and chloride electrolyte output. However, a significant increase in urinary microprotein in indomethacin-treated animals was not present in indomethacin plus G. pentaphyllum-treated animals. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in lowering gastrointestinal damage induced by indomethacin. The results suggest further investigations of Gynostemma gypenosides are warranted to examine the mechanisms of this phytoprotective activity.

Antidiabetic Effect ofGynostemma pentaphyllumTea in Randomly Assigned Type 2 Diabetic Patients

“…The diff erence between doses and species may be an explanation for the divergent outcomes. In addition, GP extract has been reported to exert many other eff ects such as antitumor eff ects [32,33] , antioxidant and hepatoprotective eff ects [34,35] , anti-infl ammatory [36] , and antigastric ulcer actions [37,38] . However, evaluation of those eff ects of GP was beyond our study scope.…”

The role of PGC-1α in mitochondrial transcription factors: A promising pathway in the treatments of mitochondrial diseases activated by Gynostemma pentaphyllum

“…Many studies suggested that GP can be a new antidiabetic drug used to reduce postprandial blood glucose, mainly to activate AMPK [38,47,58,59] . Compared to traditional oral hypoglycemic drugs, which do not have protective effects on the kidneys, GP has shown itself to be the complete opposite, demonstrating protective effects on the kidneys while remarkably reducing blood glucose [53,60] . These studies also demonstrated that GP significantly improved congestion and the epithelial system of renal tubules in diabetic mice.…”

Biological study of gynostemma pentaphyllum (thunb.) Makino

“…The following groups of compounds have been identified in the aerial parts of the plant: terpenoids , steroids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, amino acids, carotenoids, chlorophylls, organic acids, phenolcarboxylic acids, trace elements, fatty acids, nitrogen -containing compounds (allantoin), vitamins [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Main contribution to the pharmacological action of Gynostemma pentaphyllum contribute saponins ( gypenosides ) (Table 1) Due to such a rich presence of bioactive components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum has versatile biological activity: hypolipidemic , immunostimulating, hypoglycemic, antiulcer , antiallergic, nootropic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, cardioprotective , bronchoprotective , hepatoprotective , antithrombic [15,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Information and literary analysis showed an extensive cluster of knowledge about Gynostemma pentaphyllum , native to Southeast Asia.…”