Phytoremediatiation of Metal and Metalloid Pollutants from Farmland: An <i>In-Situ</i> Soil Conservation

Krishnasamy, Selvanayaki; Lakshmanan, Ramkumar; Ravichandran, Mythili

doi:10.5772/intechopen.98659

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Thus, in phytoextraction both phyllosphere and rhizosphere are involved [69]. Efficacy of phytoextraction process is dependent upon mobility and availability of heavy metals in the root zone [70][71][72]. Phytovolatilization is transport of contaminants into the phyllosphere of plants through the epidermis by diffusion across the cuticle and also through open stomata.…”

Section: Phytoremediation and Its Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation toward Air Pollutants: Latest Status and Current Developments

Partap,

Sharma,

et al. 2023

Environmental Sciences

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In recent years, air pollution has become one of the major environmental concerns that threaten health of the living organisms and its surroundings. Increasing urbanization, industrialization, and other anthropogenic activities impaired the air quality of indoor and outdoor environment. However, global organizations are focusing on ecological and biological means of solutions to reduce or eliminate dangerous contaminants from ecosystems in a sustainable manner. In this fact, plants are capable of improving or cleansing air quality and reduce the concentration of harmful pollutants from the environment through various remediation processes. Plants interact with air pollutants and fix them through various biological mechanisms in both associated and non-associated forms of microbes. In association forms, the mutualistic interaction of plant and microbes leads to higher growth efficiency of plants and results in enhanced pollutant degradation in rhizosphere as well as phyllosphere. In this background, the book chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of the existing literature and recent advances in phytoremediation process for the mitigation of harmful air pollutants. The role of indoor plants and aids for the enhancement of phytoremediation process towards air pollutants are also discussed.

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Section: Phytoremediation and Its Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation toward Air Pollutants: Latest Status and Current Developments

Partap,

Sharma,

et al. 2023

Environmental Sciences

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“…Rhizofiltration involves the use of root exudates and associated microbes to influence metal availability. The changes in the rhizosphere vary with the plant species growing in each soil biome (Krishnasamy et al, 2021). The exudation of organic acids depends on the level of metals in the soil Meier et al, (2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Suitability of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) for removal of Cr (III) from tannery effluent using floating bed and rhizofiltration systems

Karthikeyan

Banu

Maheswari

et al. 2022

JANS

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Various physico-chemical methods have been employed in remediating heavy metals from wastewater, but most of them are expensive. While phytoremediation, is one cost-effective and eco-friendly technology, proves to be an alternate amongst which Vetiver, a unique tropical plant, is recognized for its large biomass and dense root system and has been proven for various remediation studies. The current research was conducted to assess the potential for Vetiver rhizofiltration of chromium. A pilot study was conducted in rhizobox wherein Vetiver was grown using sand as a medium and samples were collected from rhizobox port 1 and rhizobox port 2. Subsequently, the study was upscaled to a floating bed experiment. In both studies, Vetiver were grown under 500 mg L-1 Cr (III) solution and tannery effluent had a chromium concentration of 379 mg L-1 and the results were compared to control. Between the samples collected from port 1 and 2, the removal of chromium in port 1 was recorded to be higher than that of port 2. Moreover, the removal of chromium ions from the tannery effluent was relatively higher than the spiked solution. In both the ports, the highest removal of chromium concentration was recorded in T5 (Sand + Vetiver + Cr (III) @ 500 mg kg-1) with a removal percent of 12.59 and 10.38% in port 1 and 2, respectively. Hence, Vetiver grass has a great potential in removing pollutants like chromium from the wastewater.

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Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale

Baquir,

Khalil,

Ayub

et al. 2024

Universal Journal of Mathematics and Applications

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\noindent {\bf Abstract:} This study investigates the potential broad application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (SSVF CWs) for heavy metal remediation, focusing on Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) removal efficiency. A pilot-scale experimental setup was employed, utilizing a SSVF CW filled with 12 mm gravel and 2 mm coarse sand, planted with Phragmites Australis. The research, conducted over 366 days, aimed to develop a numerical approximation tool to predict the performance and applicability of SSVF CWs in various environmental conditions. The experimental system operated at a hydraulic loading rate of $98-111 \mathrm{~mm} / \mathrm{d}$ and a hydraulic retention time of 6 days. Results showed average removal efficiencies of $44.87 \pm 9.52 \%$ for Cr and $43.16 \pm 9.43 \%$ for As. A mass balance analysis revealed that substrate accumulation was the primary mechanism for heavy metal removal, accounting for $29 \%$ of Cr and $26 \%$ of As removal. Plant uptake contributed to $3.5-9.9 \%$ of Cr and $0.3-$ $8.8 \%$ of As removal. Based on these findings, a numerical model was developed to simulate SSVF CW performance under varying environmental and operational parameters. The model incorporated factors such as influent concentrations, hydraulic loading rates, substrate composition, and plant species. Validation against experimental data showed good agreement, with an $\mathrm{R}^{2}$ value of 0.89 . The numerical tool was then used to predict SSVF CW performance across a range of scenarios, indicating potential broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment, mine drainage remediation, and contaminated groundwater cleanup. This study provides valuable insights into the scalability and versatility of SSVF CWs for heavy metal removal, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for water treatment challenges.\\

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Phytoremediatiation of Metal and Metalloid Pollutants from Farmland: An In-Situ Soil Conservation

Cited by 3 publications

References 66 publications

Phytoremediation toward Air Pollutants: Latest Status and Current Developments

Phytoremediation toward Air Pollutants: Latest Status and Current Developments

Suitability of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) for removal of Cr (III) from tannery effluent using floating bed and rhizofiltration systems

Numerical Approximation Tool Prediction on Potential Broad Application of Subsurface Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (SSVF CW) Using Chromium and Arsenic Removal Efficiency Study on Pilot Scale

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