Phytoremediation: A multidisciplinary approach to clean up heavy metal contaminated soil

Shah, Vijendra; Daverey, Achlesh

doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.100774

Cited by 360 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Alternatively, phytoremediation is highly acceptable among the general public due to its ease of application, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature [1,2]. However, hampered growth activities, such as reduced biomass and increased sensitivity to Cd, were observed in the plants involved in phytoremediation processes [6].…”

Section: Phytoremediation Processes and Their Salient Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, during phytoextraction, plants uptake heavy metals, such as Cd, Zn, nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and other minerals and nutrients from the soil. After this, these elements accumulate in the shoots and leaves with the help of the phytoaccumulation mechanism [6]. Many plants species have been reported previously for their high accumulation capacity; these are potential candidates for phytoremediation.…”

Section: Phytoremediation Processes and Their Salient Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms

Raza

Habib

Najafi-Kakavand

et al. 2020

Biology

185

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals in the environment, and has noxious effects on plant growth and production. Cd-accumulating plants showed reduced growth and productivity. Therefore, remediation of this non-essential and toxic pollutant is a prerequisite. Plant-based phytoremediation methodology is considered as one a secure, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective approach for toxic metal remediation. Phytoremediating plants transport and accumulate Cd inside their roots, shoots, leaves, and vacuoles. Phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated sites through hyperaccumulator plants proves a ground-breaking and profitable choice to combat the contaminants. Moreover, the efficiency of Cd phytoremediation and Cd bioavailability can be improved by using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Emerging modern molecular technologies have augmented our insight into the metabolic processes involved in Cd tolerance in regular cultivated crops and hyperaccumulator plants. Plants’ development via genetic engineering tools, like enhanced metal uptake, metal transport, Cd accumulation, and the overall Cd tolerance, unlocks new directions for phytoremediation. In this review, we outline the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in Cd phytoremediation. Further, a focus on the potential of omics and genetic engineering strategies has been documented for the efficient remediation of a Cd-contaminated environment.

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Section: Phytoremediation Processes and Their Salient Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phytoremediation Processes and Their Salient Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms

Raza

Habib

Najafi-Kakavand

et al. 2020

Biology

185

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“…However, it turned out that these methods hold significant limitations leading to the disturbance of ecosystems, e.g., altering the biological and physicochemical properties of soil and/or negatively affecting indigenous soil microbial communities [4]. As an alternative to physicochemical remediation methods, a biological innovative, environmentally friendly, and cost-efficient tool, based on the usage of vascular plants to extract, sequester, and/or detoxify pollutants, generally termed as phytoremediation, has been developed [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trifolium repens-Associated Bacteria as a Potential Tool to Facilitate Phytostabilization of Zinc and Lead Polluted Waste Heaps

Oleńska

Imperato

Małek

et al. 2020

Plants

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Heavy metals in soil, as selective agents, can change the structure of plant-associated bacterial communities and their metabolic properties, leading to the selection of the most-adapted strains, which might be useful in phytoremediation. Trifolium repens, a heavy metal excluder, naturally occurs on metal mine waste heaps in southern Poland characterized by high total metal concentrations. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of toxic metals on the diversity and metabolic properties of the microbial communities in rhizospheric soil and vegetative tissues of T. repens growing on three 70–100-years old Zn–Pb mine waste heaps in comparison to Trifolium-associated bacteria from a non-polluted reference site. In total, 113 cultivable strains were isolated and used for 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing in order to determine their genetic affiliation and for in vitro testing of their plant growth promotion traits. Taxa richness and phenotypic diversity in communities of metalliferous origin were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) compared to those from the reference site. Two strains, Bacillus megaterium BolR EW3_A03 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BolN EW3_B03, isolated from a Zn–Pb mine waste heap which tested positive for all examined plant growth promoting traits and which showed co-tolerance to Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb can be considered as potential facilitators of phytostabilization.

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“…The environmental risk of HMs in the forest land was generally at a relatively low level ( Figure 4 e). The reason might be that the forest land is generally less influenced by human input and plants can reduce the content of some HMs in the soil [ 9 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals under Different Land Use in a Typical Estuary Alluvial Island

Sun

Huang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Understanding the environmental risks of soil heavy metals (HMs) and identifying their main sources are the essential prerequisites for the prevention and management of soil pollution. Based on a detailed survey of soil HMs (Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) from different land use types (including agricultural land, construction land, wetland, and forest land) in an estuary alluvial island, the environmental risk and source apportionment of soil HMs were investigated. Altogether, 117 soil samples were taken in the study area to appraise the soil HMs environmental risk by using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (RI), and human health risk assessment (HRA) and to identify its main sources by using positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The average concentrations of soil HMs (except As) surpassed their reference background values in China. There were no significant differenced in the mean concentrations of HMs in different land use types, except that the Hg concentration in the construction land was significantly higher than that in others. The results of Igeo showed that Cd pollution was unpolluted to moderately polluted, and that the others were unpolluted. The potential ecological risk level for Cd and Hg was “moderated potential risk”, while for Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb and As was “low potential risk”. Higher contamination was distributed at the west-central area. The results of the HRA indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk and the carcinogenic risk that human beings suffered from HMs in different land uses were insignificant. To more accurately identify the sources of soil HMs, the PMF model coupled with the GIS-spatial analysis was applied. The results showed that agricultural activities, natural source, industrial discharge and river transportation, and atmosphere deposition were the main determining factors for the accumulation of soil HMs in the study area, with the contribution rate of 24.25%, 23.79%, 23.84%, and 28.12%, respectively. The study provides an underlying insight needed to control of the soil HM pollutions for an estuary alluvial island.

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Phytoremediation: A multidisciplinary approach to clean up heavy metal contaminated soil

Cited by 360 publications

References 114 publications

Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms

Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms

Trifolium repens-Associated Bacteria as a Potential Tool to Facilitate Phytostabilization of Zinc and Lead Polluted Waste Heaps

Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals under Different Land Use in a Typical Estuary Alluvial Island

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