Phytoremediation of Cadmium-, Copper-, and Lead-contaminated Soil by Salix mucronata (Synonym Salix safsaf)

El-Mahrouk, E.M.; Eisa, Eman Abdel-Hakim; Hegazi, Mahmoud Abdelnaby; Abdel-Gayed, Mohamed El-Sayed; Dewir, Yaser Hassan; El-Mahrouk, Mohammed E.; Naidoo, Yougasphree

doi:10.21273/hortsci14018-19

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…To cope with Cd stress, C. olitorius might have undergone the sequestration of Cd in leaf vacuoles, which are metabolically inactive [ 21 ]. A similar increase in translocation factors from roots to shoots was obtained in Salix mucronata exposed to 20–60 mg/kg Cd [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil

Ndlovu

Pullabhotla

Ntuli

2020

Plants

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Corchorus olitorius, a leafy vegetable with high nutrient content, is normally collected from the wild, in areas that are prone to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. However, studies on how Cd accumulation affects vegetative and reproductive traits of leafy vegetables in South Africa are limited. Therefore, this study tested the effect of Cd accumulation on C. olitorius morphological traits. Plants were grown under various Cd concentrations and studied for variation in vegetative and reproductive traits as well as accumulation in roots and shoots. Plants exposed to 5 mg/kg Cd had longer roots with higher moisture content, heavier fresh and dried stems, as well as dried leaves, which indicated a hormetic effect in C. olitorius after exposure to low Cd concentration in the soil. Again, plants treated with 5–10 mg/kg Cd, accumulated toxic (>10 mg/kg dry weight) Cd within shoots and roots, with minor morphological alterations. Plants could survive, with some morphological defects, Cd toxicity up to 20 mg/kg in soil. Only plants exposed to 5 mg/kg could reproduce. Cd accumulation increased with an increase in the soil, with higher accumulation in shoots. The translocation factor was high (>1) in all Cd concentrations. In conclusion, C. olitorius can accumulate toxic Cd, and yet grow and reproduce either normally or better than the control. The proposed dose of Cd that induces hormesis in C. olitorius is 5 mg/kg in the soil. Therefore, C. olitorius is suitable for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soils, but unsafe for consumption when it grows in such areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil

Ndlovu

Pullabhotla

Ntuli

2020

Plants

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“…Hyperaccumulator families, such as Scrophulariaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Brassicaceae, are essential for this technique. Moreover, some particular plant species, like Celosia argentea [71], Salix mucronata [72], Cassia alata [73], Vigna unguiculata, Solanum melonaena, Momordica charantia [74], Nicotiana tabacum, Kummerowia striata [75], and Swietenia macrophylla [76], may be used as potential plant choices to increase the process of Cd phytoextraction. Moreover, a sub-division of phytoextraction, known as chelate-assisted phytoextraction, is also used as a possible solution for metals that have no hyperaccumulator species.…”

Section: Phytoextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms

Raza

Habib

Najafi-Kakavand

et al. 2020

Biology

185

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Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals in the environment, and has noxious effects on plant growth and production. Cd-accumulating plants showed reduced growth and productivity. Therefore, remediation of this non-essential and toxic pollutant is a prerequisite. Plant-based phytoremediation methodology is considered as one a secure, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective approach for toxic metal remediation. Phytoremediating plants transport and accumulate Cd inside their roots, shoots, leaves, and vacuoles. Phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated sites through hyperaccumulator plants proves a ground-breaking and profitable choice to combat the contaminants. Moreover, the efficiency of Cd phytoremediation and Cd bioavailability can be improved by using plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Emerging modern molecular technologies have augmented our insight into the metabolic processes involved in Cd tolerance in regular cultivated crops and hyperaccumulator plants. Plants’ development via genetic engineering tools, like enhanced metal uptake, metal transport, Cd accumulation, and the overall Cd tolerance, unlocks new directions for phytoremediation. In this review, we outline the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms involved in Cd phytoremediation. Further, a focus on the potential of omics and genetic engineering strategies has been documented for the efficient remediation of a Cd-contaminated environment.

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“…Melczek et al (2013) showed that tolerance index of biomas or root of S. viminalis was <1 under 3 mM Cu (NO3)2 and at ratios of Ca/Mg (20:1 and 1:10). According to El-Mahrouk et al (2019), the decrement in TIb or TIr of Salix macrunata was increased with increasing the levels of Cd, Cu, and Pb. In general, BCF, TF, and TIb or TIr factors could be used to define Cd, Cu, and Pb hyperaccumulators.…”

Section: Bioconcentration Factor (Bcf) Translocation Factor (Tf %)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, foliage elements differ according to their concentrations in soil or soil chemistry and due to the plant species or clones of Salix (Mosseler and Major 2017). According to El-Mahrouk et al (2019), the decrement in N, P, and K % in leaves of Salix mucronata was increased with raising the concentrations of Cd Cl2 (20 to 80 mg/kg soil ), CuCl2 (50 to 200 mg/kg soil), and Pb acetate (250 to 850 mg/kg soil) in the soil.…”

Section: Vegetative Growth and Leaf Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populus nigra as a phytoremediator for Cd, Cu, and Pb in contaminated soil

El-Mahrouk

Eisa²,

Ali

et al. 2019

BioRes

Self Cite

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The contamination of agricultural soil with heavy metals is a complex phenomenon that causes negative consequences for various organisms. Poplars may have considerable phytoremediation potential, and this plant species can tolerate Cd, Cu, and Pb up to 15.6, 63.6, and 173.3 mg kg-1 soil, respectively, with 100% survival. The analyzed data revealed significant reduction in vegetative growth traits and leaf N, P, K, and carbohydrate (%) and leaf green color degree. However, a simultaneously significant increase in enzymatic activities and electrolyte leakage were recorded in comparison to control plants. A bioconcentration factor of plant organs was ˂ 1, and the translocation factors (TF) of Cd and Cu were ˂ 1 ( ˂100%) under various concentrations of each heavy metal, while TF of Pb was ˃ 1(>100%), except for the first level. More Cd, Cu, and Pb contents were localized in roots compared to leaves or stems. Thus, the risk of contamination through leaf can be minimized. Populus nigra has defense mechanisms against Cd, Cu, and Pb up to 7.8, 29.8, and 91.1 mg/kg soil, respectively because the tolerance index (TI) of either biomass or root was >0.8. Finally, it is a good candidate for research of phytoremediation and phytoextraction.

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Phytoremediation of Cadmium-, Copper-, and Lead-contaminated Soil by Salix mucronata (Synonym Salix safsaf)

Cited by 37 publications

References 48 publications

Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil

Response of Corchorus olitorius Leafy Vegetable to Cadmium in the Soil

Phytoremediation of Cadmium: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Mechanisms

Populus nigra as a phytoremediator for Cd, Cu, and Pb in contaminated soil

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