Phytoremediation of Contaminated Water and Soil

Shann, Jodi R.; Crowley, David E.; Anderson, T. A.

doi:10.1021/bk-1997-0664.ch001

Cited by 185 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Phytoextraction and plant-assisted bioremediation is most effective if soil contamination is limited to within 3 feet of the surface, and if groundwater is within 10 feet of the surface [16,18]. It is applicable to sites with low to moderate soil contamination over large areas, and to sites with large volumes of groundwater with low levels of contamination that have to be cleaned to low (strict) standards [26].…”

Section: Limitations Of Phytoextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Phytoremediati on of Heavy Metals and Utilization of Its Byproducts

Ghosh¹

2005

Appl Ecol Env Res

745

336

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Abstract. This review presents the status of phytoremediation technologies with particular emphasis on phytoextraction of soil heavy metal contamination. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot be degraded, and cleanup usually requires their removal. Most of the conventional remedial technologies are expensive and inhibit the soil fertility; this subsequently causes negative impacts on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation is a cost effective, environmental friendly, aesthetically pleasing approach most suitable for developing countries. Despite this potential, phytoremediation is yet to become a commercially available technology in India. This paper reports about the mobility, bioavaliability and plant response to presence of soil heavy metals. It classifies the plants according to phytoextraction mechanism and discusses the pathway of metal in plants. Various techniques to enhance phytoextraction and utilization of by-products have been elaborated. Since lot of biomass is produced during this process, it needs proper disposal and management. It also gives an insight into the work done by authors, which focuses on high biomass extractor plants. High biomas weeds were selected to restrict the passage of contaminants into the food chain by selecting non-edible, disease resistant and tolerant plants, which can provide renewable energy. Thus making phytoextraction more viable for present utilization.

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Section: Limitations Of Phytoextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Phytoremediati on of Heavy Metals and Utilization of Its Byproducts

Ghosh¹

2005

Appl Ecol Env Res

745

336

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“…One of such alternative approaches is the application of bioremediation, i.e., the utilisation of diverse collection of naturally occurring or geneticallyengineered vascular plants, algae, fungi, among others, to control, breakdown, and/or remove wastes/toxic substances, or to encourage degradation of contaminants in the rhizosphere, or root region of the plant (Cunningham et al, 1997;Flathman and Lanza, 1998;McCutcheon and Schnoor, 2003). Phytoremediation, an important bioremediation technique, may not yet be a commercially available technology in many parts of the world including Nigeria (Erakhrumen, 2007), however, the ability of certain plants, such as mangrove species, to develop ecosystems with adaptation to exist in polluted and/or hostile environment is worth being investigated for beneficial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of <i>In-Situ</i> Natural Dendroremediation Capability of <i>Rhizophora racemosa</i> in a Heavy Metal Polluted Mangrove Forest, Rivers State, Nigeria

Erakhrumen¹

2015

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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Environmental pollution is assuming frightening dimensions in many parts of the world. This is not excluding Niger-Delta region of Nigeria where most of the country's oil and gas are sourced with attendant production of noxious substances as byproducts/residues/waste. Many of these noxious substances have been noted to be removable from polluted environment through proper application of phytoremediation techniques, particularly using native plant species. Consequently, this research was conceived to evaluate potentials for phytomediation by native red mangrove tree (Rhizophora racemosa G.F.W. Meyer). This was carried out by evaluating the presence of heavy metals ions and their bioconcentration levels in the samples of root and wood tissues axially along the stem of this tree. The sorrounding soil and water were also sampled and evaluated for presence and concentration of these metal ions in comparison with those for the sampled plant tissues. All the samples were sourced from a mangrove forest in Okrika, Rivers State, Nigeria. The samples from the root, butt, 50% and 90% bole length were oven-dried at 60±5 o C to constant weight, pulverised and heated with trioxonitrate (v) acid to achieve total dissolution before subjecting them to atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Similarly, samples from sorrouding soil were dried at 35±2 o C to constant weight, crushed and sieved using a ≤ 2mm mesh before performing metal extraction and detection using AAS while water samples were also subjected to AAS for heavy metal analyses, in line with appropriate standard methods. The data obtained were statistically analysed using basic descriptive tools, Analyses of Variance and Fishers' Least Significant Difference (P < 0.05). Outcomes of these statistical analyses showed that, in terms of bio-concentration values, the evaluated metal ions that include Fe, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr were more in the root than the surrounding soil and water. The bio-concentration trends, for the metal ions, also progressively declined from the root towards the crown of the trees. The bio-concentration distribution in all the tree sections showed an inconsistent pattern with Fe ions having higher bio-concentration. In addition, Cr, Ni, Pd and Cu also inconsistently followed Fe in terms of bio-concentration level. © JASEM http://dx

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“…Hyperaccumulating plant species, such as Astragalus bisulcatus, have adapted to seleniferous soils and accumulate Se to thousands of parts per million (Brown and Shrift, 1981). Yet, their slow growth rate and small biomass limits their phytoremediation potential (Cunningham et al, 1997). Researchers hope to circumvent this problem by creating transgenic plants with superior phytoremediation potential by transforming fast-growing plants with genes from hyperaccumulator plants (Terry et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Overexpression of Selenocysteine Methyltransferase in Arabidopsis and Indian Mustard Increases Selenium Tolerance and Accumulation

et al. 2004

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A major goal of phytoremediation is to transform fast-growing plants with genes from plant species that hyperaccumulate toxic trace elements. We overexpressed the gene encoding selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) from the selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator Astragalus bisulcatus in Arabidopsis and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). SMT detoxifies selenocysteine by methylating it to methylselenocysteine, a nonprotein amino acid, thereby diminishing the toxic misincorporation of Se into protein. Our Indian mustard transgenic plants accumulated more Se in the form of methylselenocysteine than the wild type. SMT transgenic seedlings tolerated Se, particularly selenite, significantly better than the wild type, producing 3-to 7-fold greater biomass and 3-fold longer root lengths. Moreover, SMT plants had significantly increased Se accumulation and volatilization. This is the first study, to our knowledge, in which a fast-growing plant was genetically engineered to overexpress a gene from a hyperaccumulator in order to increase phytoremediation potential.Although selenium (Se) is a necessary micronutrient for humans and animals at very low doses, it is extremely toxic at higher doses (Wilber, 1983). Excess Se has been implicated in birth defects, sterility, and disease in animals, fish, and wildlife and loss of hair, teeth, and nails, fatigue, and even death in humans (Moxon, 1937;Eisler, 1985;Lemly and Smith, 1987;Sorenson, 1991). Environmental Se pollution is a worldwide problem. Anthropogenic Se pollution arises from many sources, such as aqueous discharges from electric power plants, coal ash leachates, refinery effluents, and industrial wastewater (American Medical Association, 1989). Selenium also occurs naturally in soils formed from Se-bearing shales. This leads to Se-contaminated irrigation drainage water, one of the most serious agricultural problems in the western United States and other areas with similar environments and geological conditions (Presser and Ohlendorf, 1987).Cleaning up Se-contaminated soil and water is a major concern. Phytoremediation, using plants to remove, stabilize, or detoxify pollutants, is a promising technology for remediating Se-contaminated soil and water (Terry et al., 2000). In a process called phytoextraction, plants extract Se from soils and water into their tissues, which can be harvested and removed. Selenium is unusual among trace elements because it can also be removed from the ground ecosystem by phytovolatilization, i.e. plants metabolize inorganic Se to relatively nontoxic, volatile forms (dimethyl selenide [DMSe] and dimethyl diselenide [DMDSe]), which escape to the atmosphere (Lewis et al., 1966;Terry et al., 2000). Selenium phytoremediation has been achieved under field conditions using fast-growing plant species, such as Indian mustard (Brassica juncea; Bañ uelos et al., 1997), which accumulates Se to hundreds of parts per million (Bañ uelos and Schrale, 1989). Hyperaccumulating plant species, such as Astragalus bisulcatus, have adapted to seleniferous soils and accum...

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Phytoremediation of Contaminated Water and Soil

Cited by 185 publications

References 23 publications

A Review on Phytoremediati on of Heavy Metals and Utilization of Its Byproducts

A Review on Phytoremediati on of Heavy Metals and Utilization of Its Byproducts

Assessment of <i>In-Situ</i> Natural Dendroremediation Capability of <i>Rhizophora racemosa</i> in a Heavy Metal Polluted Mangrove Forest, Rivers State, Nigeria

Overexpression of Selenocysteine Methyltransferase in Arabidopsis and Indian Mustard Increases Selenium Tolerance and Accumulation

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