Phytoremediation of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides by aquatic macrophytes and algae in freshwater systems

Abstract

Extensive use of Pesticides in agriculture and its surface runoff in river water is a major environmental concern. The present study evaluated the phytoremediation potential of Eichornia crassipes, Pistia strateotes and algae (Chaetomorpha sutoria, Sirogonium sticticum and Zygnema sp.) for organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides. Water and plant samples were extracted by liquid phase and solid phase extraction respectively and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Eleven treatments (T1-T11) with and without plants were used for phytoremediation of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides. During the experiment, P. strateotes, E. crassipes and algae (C. sutoria, S. sticticum and Zygnema sp.) showed the highest removal efficiency with 62 (71% root, 29% shoot), 60 (67% root, 33% shoot), and 58% respectively for organochlorine and 76 (76% root, 24% shoot), 68 (69% root, 31% shoot), and 70% respectively for pyrethroids for the respective aquatic plants. Dissipation rate constant of treatments with plants (T2, T3, T5, T6, T8, and T9) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared to that of treatments without plants (T10 and T11, control) for both organochlorine and pyrethroid. The bioconcentration factor of pyrethroid treatments (T3, T6, and T9) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared to that of organochlorine treatments (T2, T5 and T8). The removal efficiency of E. crassipes, P. strateotes and algae (C. sutoria, S. sticticum and Zygnema sp.) for pyrethroids was significantly higher (p < 0.01) as compared to that of organochlorine.

Phytoremediation potential of Bacopa monnieri in the removal of heavy metals

“…4. The role of belowground parts of the plant accumulates bulk metal ions and supports the ecological restoration of environment by phytostabilisation mechanism (Singh, Eapen and D'Souza, 2006, Rezania et al, 2016, Riaz et al, 2017, Tang et al, 2017.…”

“…A good phytoremediation plant should possess TF and BCF greater than one (Rezania et al, 2016, Riaz et al, 2017. The translocation factor, defined as the ratio between metal concentration in shoot and aerial parts to the metal concentration in root parts of the plant.…”

Gibberellic Acid and Tween 20 Increases Napier Grass Tolerance to Synthetic Pyrethroid

“…The phytoremediation of synthetic pyrethroid contamination in soil, such as cypermethrin and deltamethrin, is still limited (Aioub et al, 2019), while some aquatic plants (Eichornia crassipes and Pistia strateotes) and algae (Chaetomorpha sutoria, Sirogonium sticticum, and Zygnema sp.) could remove 58-76% of the pyrethroid contamination in water within seven days (Riaz et al, 2017). However, phytoremediation is safe and environmentally friendly for synthetic pyrethroid removal from agricultural soil.…”

Carrageenan‐Based Hybrids with Biopolymers and Nano‐Structured Materials for Biomimetic Applications

“…Algae is photosynthetic group of organisms, sub-divided into: i) microalgaesmall algae, distributed in coastal and benthic habitats, that is, phytoplankton species distributed in sea water, ii) macroalgae (seaweeds), that are larger in size and occupy the littoral zone. [1] Multicellular photosynthetic microbes, that is, seaweeds have the potential to serve as biomass feedstock for the substitution of terrestrial biomass in order to create important biofuels and biochemical compounds. [2,3] Algae provides an attractive candidature for various biotechnological applications due to its unique features including high growth rate and photosynthetic efficiency, high CO 2 -fixation capability, rich carbohydrates, and low lignin content.…”