Phytoremediation tool for restoration of metal-polluted coal mine soil in Okaba, Nigeria: a hierarchical cluster approach

Abstract

potential for hyperaccumulation, phytoextraction, and phytostabilization and ability to store up these metals for harvesting. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to highlight the relationship between the variables. This study has revealed that Ageratum conyzoides Linn (ACL), Desmodium velutinum (DV), Triumfetta rhiomdoidea Jacq. (TRJ), Gleichenia linearis (Burns) (GL), Selaginella myosurus (SM), and Sida linifolia juss.excav. (SL) had potential as hyperaccumulators of nickel. Eleven (11) plants have potential for phytoextraction of manganese (Mn), and six (6) plants have stabilization potential for the same metal. Eight (8) phytoextractors and seven (7) stabilizers plants were recorded for Ni. Eclipta alba (L) Hassk (EAH) (location 4) and TRJ were phytostabilizers plants for Pb. Six (6) other plants have potential as phytoextractors of Pb. Eight (8) of the studied plants were suitable for phytoextraction of Ni, and five (5) plants were suitable as phytostabilizers. Most of the plants were found to be useful for phytoremediation of the soil.

Phytoremediation of Iron and Antimony Polluted Waste Dump Sites in Anyigba Kogi State, Nigeria: A Multivariate Statistical Technique

“…All non-soil materials were removed physically. The same subproportion of soils were homogenized thoroughly and a segment was obtained [4]. Soils were oven-dried at 105 o C for total water removal and sieved vide 2mm with the aid of a magnetic sieve shaker.…”

“…Therefore, to bring back the metalimpacted soil to its original state, plant-based approach with its varied positive take is being sought after. In addition, plant techniques of soil mitigation are not destructive but rather restore both soil building blocks and allow for recovery of the biological environment [2,4,5].…”

“…Terrestrial plants do not move from one place to another when planted and as such possesses the ability to resist and adapt to many ecological variables. Mechanisms like eradication and abolition of metals from soils are all useful for regaining fouled soil [4,6]. The key factor to consider when using plant-based method of soil reclamation is to look for species with the capacity to multiply themselves in the degraded environment [4].…”

“…Mechanisms like eradication and abolition of metals from soils are all useful for regaining fouled soil [4,6]. The key factor to consider when using plant-based method of soil reclamation is to look for species with the capacity to multiply themselves in the degraded environment [4].…”

“…These are plants that can accumulate > 1000 mg/kg of Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, or Pb; or > 10,000 mg/kg of Fe, Mn and Zn [2,3]. The main characteristics of hyperaccumulators are as follows: (1) have accumulating capacity of 10,000 mg/kg for Zn and Mn; 1000 mg/kg for Co, Cu, Ni, As, Se and 100 mg/kg for Cd, (2) the ratio of metal concentration in shoot/metal concentration in root, that is translocation factor (TF) is greater than 1, (3) the ratio of metal concentration in plants/metal concentrations in soil, that is bioconcentration factor (BCF) is > 1 [10], (4) enrichment factor (EF), which is the ratio of metal concentration in leaf to metal concentration in soil < 1 is considered a stabilizer while EF value > 1-is an accumulator [4,[11][12][13].…”