Phytosterol consumption and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: Cross-sectional results from ELSA-Brasil

Pereira, Teresa Avalos; Fonseca, Francisco A.H.; Fonseca, Miriam M.; Martins, Celma M.; Fonseca, Henrique Andrade Rodrigues da; Fonzar, Waléria T.; Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho; Lotufo, Paulo A; Izar, Maria Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.031

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The relationship between dietary phytosterols and CVD is, however, controversial, as foods provide phytosterols in lower doses than dietary supplements do. The usual intake of phytosterols is generally less than 400 mg/day [10][11][12][13][14][15], and higher levels have been found only in vegans [33]. In this study, intakes higher than 400 mg/day were observed only in the highest tercile of phytosterol consumption, both in men and women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

“…The diet typically provides 150-400 mg of plant sterols [10][11][12][13][14][15]. The phytosterols found in the highest amounts in plant-based foods, and, thus, in the human diet, are β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few population-based studies, but not in the Polish population, have analyzed the effects of dietary phytosterol intake on CVD [10,11,14], but none included phytosterolenriched products. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between habitual intake of total phytosterols and individual phytosterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol), or a diet combined with phytosterol-enriched products, and CVD in a cross-section of Polish adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Plant Sterols and Phytosterol-Enriched Margarines and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease among Polish Men and Women: The WOBASZ II Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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Dietary cholesterol has been suggested to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Phytosterols, present in food or phytosterol-enriched products, can reduce cholesterol available for absorption. The present study aimed to investigate the association between habitual intake of total and individual plant sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol) or a diet combined with phytosterol-enriched products and CVD in a cross-section of Polish adults, participants of the Multicenter National Health Survey II (WOBASZ II). Among men (n = 2554), median intakes of plant sterols in terciles ranged between 183–456 mg/d and among women (n = 3136), 146–350 mg/d in terciles. The intake of phytosterols, when consumed with food containing phytosterols, including margarine, ranged between 184–459 mg/d for men and 147–352 mg/d for women. Among both men and women, beta-sitosterol intake predominated. Plant sterol intake was lower among both men and women with CVD (p = 0.016) compared to those without CVD. Diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Diet Index (HDI), was significantly higher in the third tercile of plant sterol intake for both men and women and the entire study group (p < 0.0001). This study suggests that habitual dietary intake of plant sterols may be associated with a lower chance of developing CVD, particularly in men.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Plant Sterols and Phytosterol-Enriched Margarines and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease among Polish Men and Women: The WOBASZ II Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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“…a clinical study in Brazil showed that regular consumption of phytosterols (>390 mg/ day) was associated with lower total and LDLcholesterol in healthy people, with no changes in markers of subclinical atherosclerosis (Pereira et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ps and Cardiovascular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phytosterols in human health: friends or foes?

Gutiérrez-Pajares¹,

Ma²

2021

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Phytosterols are steroids present in photosynthetic organisms and are frequent molecules present in the human diet. There is evidence showing the consumption of phytosterols can prevent cardiovascular problems, mainly by decreasing blood absorption of cholesterol present in our diet. In addition, there are research results pointing to an anticancer effect of PS. However, as presented in this article, recommendations to increase phytosterol consumption should be followed with precaution and medical guidance.

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“…Statin therapy is highly effective in reducing LDL-C up to 50% in hypercholesterolemic individuals . Along with medication, dietary phytosterols (PSs) have gained popularity as adjuvant therapy due to their well-established LDL-C-lowering properties. − PSs at a daily oral dose of 2 g can reduce serum LDL-C in the range of 8–14%. − PSs inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol by competing with cholesterol for solubilization in bile salt micelles . Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that the extent of LDL-C reduction by PSs is dependent on their formulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liposomal Phytosterols as LDL-Cholesterol-Lowering Agents in Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia

et al. 2023

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The high blood level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Plant sterols, known as phytosterols (PSs), can reduce LDL-C in a range of 8–14%. The extent of LDL-C reduction depends on its formulation. Encapsulation into liposomes is one formulation strategy to enhance the efficiency of PSs. PSs (campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol) have frequently been assessed alone or in combination for their LDL-C-lowering ability. However, one naturally abundant PS, brassicasterol, has not yet been tested for its efficacy. We have previously developed a novel liposomal formulation containing the PS mixture present naturally in canola that is composed of brassicasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol. In this work, the efficacy of our novel liposomal PS formulation that includes brassicasterol was assessed in a hamster model. Animals were divided into five groups: (i) liposomal PS in orange juice, (ii) liposomal PS in water, (iii) marketed PS in orange juice, (iv) control orange juice, and (v) control water. The animals were fed a high-fat, cholesterol-supplemented (0.5%) diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. The treatment was administered orally once daily for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 2, and week 4. The extent of the reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides was compared among the groups. Liposomal PSs in both orange juice and water significantly reduced LDL-C compared to their controls. Furthermore, the liposomal PS was as effective as a marketed PS-containing product in reducing LDL-C. Liposomal PSs in both orange juice and water showed similar efficacy in LDL-C reduction, highlighting that these vehicles/food matrices do not affect the efficacy of PSs. The liposomal formulation of a natural PS mixture extracted from canola oil, with brassicasterol as a major component, exhibited a significant LDL-C reduction in a hamster model.

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Phytosterol consumption and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis: Cross-sectional results from ELSA-Brasil

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Dietary Plant Sterols and Phytosterol-Enriched Margarines and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease among Polish Men and Women: The WOBASZ II Cross-Sectional Study

Dietary Plant Sterols and Phytosterol-Enriched Margarines and Their Relationship with Cardiovascular Disease among Polish Men and Women: The WOBASZ II Cross-Sectional Study

Phytosterols in human health: friends or foes?

Liposomal Phytosterols as LDL-Cholesterol-Lowering Agents in Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia

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