Phytosterols

Marineli, Rafaela da Silva; Furlan, Cibele Priscila Busch; Marques, Anne y Castro; Bicas, Juliano Lemos; Pastore, Gláucia Maria; Maróstica, Mário Roberto

doi:10.1002/9781118733103.ch23

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Previous studies on partridge shank chickens (Zhao et al, 2019), broilers (Naji et al, 2014;Ding et al, 2021) and rats (Marineli et al, 2012) have indicated that phytosterols can influence growth performance, feed utilization, and lipid metabolism and improve the antioxidant capacity of animals and can also enhance immune responses and antimicrobial activity but exert few effects on growth performance in some fish species (Couto et al, 2014;He et al, 2022;Reyes-Becerril et al, 2022). In addition, phytosterol can alleviate the damage caused by a high-lipid diet (He et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytosterols (PSs), which include plant sterols and stanols, are steroid compounds similar to cholesterol that occur in plants and are often enriched in seeds and seed oils. Many investigators have demonstrated the cholesterol-lowering effects of phytosterols in chickens (Zhao et al, 2019), broilers (Naji et al, 2014;Ding et al, 2021) and rats (Marineli et al, 2012). In addition, it has been illustrated in previous reports that phytosterols in the diet could accelerate the growth rate and/or improve the meat quality of broilers and ducks (Wu et al, 2012;Naji et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Phytosterol supplementation enhances the growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant status and glucose metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet

Liang,

Huang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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IntroductionPrevious studies found that phytosterols could influence growth performance, feed utilization and lipid metabolism as well as improve the antioxidant capacity of animals.MethodsTo investigate the effects of dietary phytosterol supplementation on juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet, a 56- day feedingtrial was conducted with four dietary feeds for juvenile largemouth bass: extruded floating feed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain 10% and 15% α-starch; on the basis of a 15% α-starch diet, two other diets were formulated with supplementation of 0.1% and 0.5% phytosterol, respectively. After the feeding trials, the survival rate, weight gain and specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, intraperitoneal fat ratio, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and activities of three digestive enzymes, as well as the concentrations of nine plasma biochemical indices, hepatic enzyme activities and glycogen contents, were measured and calculated, and the data were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe results of the present study showed that the survival rate, weight gain and specificgrowthrates were significantly greater in plants fed high-starch diets supplemented with phytosterols. As the supplemental phytosterol concentration increased, the feed conversion ratio and intraperitoneal fat ratio significantly decreased; the protease and lipase levels in the pyloric zone markedly increased; the plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, malondialdehyde, aspartate transaminase and alanin transaminase levels significantly decreased; the glucokinase and pyruvate kinase levelsmarkedly increased; and the hepatic glycogen content significantly decreased.DiscussionIn summary, dietary phytosterol supplementation promoted the growth performance, feed utilization and antioxidant status of juvenile largemouth bass fed a highstarch diet; enhanced glucose utilization and metabolism; and alleviated the negative stimulation of glycemia stress in M. salmoide fed a high-starch diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Phytosterol supplementation enhances the growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant status and glucose metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet

Liang,

Huang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…[24] Consumption of phytosterols may support a number of advantageous biological processes, including the maintenance of hypocholesterolemia and the prevention of obesity. [102] Immunomodulation, in which plant phytosterols contribute in immune system function and boost lymphocyte functions, especially to defense against cancer cells, is another important pharmacological effect associated with these substances. [103] Phytosterols may also have an impact on cardiovascular issues and chronic inflammatory diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Effect of Lepidium sativum Seeds Oil on Ovarian Oxidative Stress, DNA Abnormality and Hormonal Disturbances Induced by Acrylamide in Rats

Aboul Naser,

El‐Feky,

Hamed

2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Acrylamide (ACR), an industrial compound, causes both male and female reproductive toxicity. Lepidium sativum seeds (L. sativum) (Garden cress) are known for their health benefits as antioxidant, antiasthmatic, anticoagulant, anti‐inflammatory, and analgesic agents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the phytochemistry and nutritional value of L. sativum seeds oil for attenuating the ovarian damage induced by acrylamide in rats. The phytochemical investigation of the seeds revealed the presence of vitamins, potassium, iron, sugar and amino acids. Twenty eight compounds from the unsaponifiable fraction and twenty three compounds from the saponifiable fraction were identified. Three sterols and two triterpenes were isolated and identified as β‐sitosterol (1), ∆5‐avenasterol (2), friedelanol (3), stigmasta‐4, 22‐dien‐3‐one (4), and ursolic acid (5). Treatment of acrylamide‐induced rats with L. sativum seeds oil ameliorated prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐ α) with variable degrees. The histopathological findings of ovaries supported these results. In conclusion, compounds (3‐5) were isolated for the first time from L. sativum seeds oil. The seeds oil attenuated the ovarian damage and could potentially be a new supplemental agent against female infertility.

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Comparative Effects of Cholesterol and β‐Sitosterol on the Liposome Membrane Characteristics

Jovanović

Balanč

Ota

et al. 2018

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The influence of different phospholipid types (pure phospholipids 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, POPC, 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, DPPC, and one commercial phospholipid mixture, Lipoid H100), sterol types (cholesterol vs. β‐sitosterol), and various sterol concentrations (5–50 mol%) on liposomal membrane fluidity, thermotropic properties, liposome size, zeta potential, and lipid oxidation kinetics using fluorescent lipid probe BODIPY 581/591 C11 (4,4‐difluoro‐5‐[4‐phenyl‐1,3‐butadienyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene‐3‐undecanoic acid) are investigated. DPPC bilayer is more rigid than POPC and phospholipids mixture membranes. Pure DPPC gives the smallest liposomes, while liposomes of Lipoid H100 have the largest diameter. Both sterols reduce membrane fluidity of all liposomes, increase absolute zeta potential, cause significant changes in particle size, and decrease phase transition temperature (Tm) and enthalpy of DPPC. POPC/β‐sitosterol liposomes exhibit the most significant lipid oxidation of the lipophilic probe. Along with beneficial effects of phytosterols on human health, better membrane fluidity, more favorable and stabilizing interactions with phospholipids, smaller vesicle size, and enhanced physical stability in comparison to cholesterol are some of the encouraging results for the use of β‐sitosterol in liposome formulations for potential application in foods, pharmaceutics, and cosmetics. Practical Applications: Adjusting the composition of liposomal membrane (lipid type, sterol type, and concentration) can be used as a tool to control membrane fluidity, permeability, and thermotropic properties, and thus predict release properties, physical, thermal, and oxidative stability. A commercial phospholipid mixture of different natural phospholipids with impurities creates less uniform liposomal membrane that is characterized by higher fluidity in comparison to DPPC. The type of phospholipid has huge influence on MLVs size. β‐sitosterol, which is a phytosterol with beneficial effects on human health can be used as a replacement for cholesterol in liposomal formulations, but with the following in mind: β‐sitosterol reduces fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer to a lesser extent than cholesterol, β‐sitosterol gives smaller MLVs than cholesterol, DPPC/β‐sitosterol SUVs are bigger than 100 nm in diameter (relevant for intravenous administration), MLVs with ≥30 mol% of β‐sitosterol can be considered as physically stable (unlike those with cholesterol), irrespective to the phospholipid type. The influence of different phospholipid types, sterol types, and various sterol concentrations on liposomal membrane fluidity, thermo tropic properties, liposomesize, zeta potential, and lipid oxidation kinetics are investigated.

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Phytosterols

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

Phytosterol supplementation enhances the growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant status and glucose metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet

Phytosterol supplementation enhances the growth performance, feed utilization, antioxidant status and glucose metabolism of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a high-starch diet

Mitigating Effect of Lepidium sativum Seeds Oil on Ovarian Oxidative Stress, DNA Abnormality and Hormonal Disturbances Induced by Acrylamide in Rats

Comparative Effects of Cholesterol and β‐Sitosterol on the Liposome Membrane Characteristics

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