Phytosterols: Nutritional Health Players in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Disorders

Vezza, Teresa; Canet, Francisco; Marañón, A; Bañuls, Celia; Rocha, Milagros; Víctor, Víctor M.

doi:10.3390/antiox9121266

Cited by 74 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(168 reference statements)

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“…Phytostanols are 5alpha-saturated derivatives of phytosterols [ 8 ]. Several hundred different phytosterol molecules have been identified in plant cells; the most common ones are beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, and avenasterol [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Phytosterols’ Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols, Cholesterol Control, and Cardiovascular Disease

Poli¹,

Marangoni²,

Corsini

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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The use of phytosterols (or plant sterols) for the control of plasma cholesterol concentrations has recently gained traction because their efficacy is acknowledged by scientific authorities and leading guidelines. Phytosterols, marketed as supplements or functional foods, are formally classified as food in the European Union, are freely available for purchase, and are frequently used without any health professional advice; therefore, they are often self-prescribed, either inappropriately or in situations in which no significant advantage can be obtained. For this reason, a panel of experts with diverse medical and scientific backgrounds was convened by NFI—Nutrition Foundation of Italy—to critically evaluate and summarize the literature available on the topic, with the goal of providing medical doctors and all health professionals useful information to actively govern the use of phytosterols in the context of plasma cholesterol control. Some practical indications to help professionals identify subjects who will most likely benefit from the use of these products, optimizing the therapeutic outcomes, are also provided. The panel concluded that the use of phytosterols as supplements or functional foods to control Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels should be preceded by the assessment of some relevant individual characteristics: cardiovascular risk, lipid profile, correct understanding of how to use these products, and willingness to pay for the treatment.

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Section: Phytosterols’ Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosterols, Cholesterol Control, and Cardiovascular Disease

Poli¹,

Marangoni²,

Corsini

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…2 Hypercholesterolemia: TC ≥5 mmol/l or LDL-C ≥3 mmol/l or the participant was taking a lipid-lowering medication. 3 Diabetes: blood glucose level was ≥7.0 mmol/L or diabetes was declared in an interview; 4 Singles: widows/widowers, unmarried, divorced, in separation; 5 Education level: under middle -no education, partial or completed education for primary level, partial secondary education; middle -secondary education, partial academic education, high -tertiary education, vocational -vocational based on primary or on middle school; 6 Physical activity at leisure (for example jogging, cycling, swimming, gardening for at least 30 min a day): low level -no such physical activity, once a week or less, middle level -every second or third day, high level -everyday, almost every day, seasonally (e.g. skiing in winter or on the plot in summer).…”

Section: Study Group and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A growing body of evidence suggests that phytosterols may be an alternative and/or complementary therapy for patients with obesity and diabetes [3]. Consumption of naturally occurring plant sterols has been found to be associated with a lower risk of first myocardial infarction in men [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Database of Plant Sterols and Their Assessment in the Diet of the Adult Population of Poland

Am¹,

Waśkiewicz²,

Zujko³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Plant sterols are compounds with multiple biological functions, mainly cholesterol-reducing. There are no comprehensive databases on plant sterols, which makes it difficult to estimate their intake in the Polish population. In this study we used international food databases, supplemented by scientific data from the literature, to create a database on plant sterols in the food consumed in Poland to assess the size and sources of dietary plant sterols in the adult population of Poland. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify possible sources of published food composition data for plant sterols. The study group consisted of 5690 participants of the WOBASZ II survey. We identified 361 dietary sources of plant sterols based on the consumption of foods and dishes reported by participants. Cereals and fats provided 61% of the total plant sterols, and together with vegetables and fruits, this totaled 80%. Total plant sterol intake for the Polish population was 282.97 mg/day, and divided by men and women was 320.77 and 252.19 mg/day, respectively. Canola oil provided the most plant sterols at 16.92%, followed by white bread at 16.65% and soft margarine at 8.33%. This study found that the database of plant sterols facilitates the calculation of plant sterols in the typical Polish diet, and the results are comparable to those of other studies, despite different methodologies of nutritional assessment and slightly different databases. The main sources of dietary plant sterols did not differ from the data for other populations. This study confirmed the observations of other research that women's diets may have a higher plant sterol density compared to men.

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“…They are known for their cholesterol-lowering effects, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and the benefits they offer to the immune system. The review by Vezza et al provides an overview of these bioactive compounds and their therapeutic potential in the fields of obesity and metabolic disorders, in relation to oxidative stress, inflammatory status, and gut dysbiosis [3].…”

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confidence: 99%