Phytosynthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of Gold Nanoparticles by M aytenus Royleanus

Saneei

et al. 2019

Applied Organom Chemis

The new age drugs are nanoparticles of metals, which can combat conditions like wounds and fight human pathogens like bacteria. The aim of the experiment was preparation, characterization, and assessment of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal potentials of gold nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves (AuNPs@F. vulgaris) under in vitro and in vivo condition. These nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, UV, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and AFM. The synthesized AuNPs@F. vulgaris had great cell viability dose-dependently (Investigating the effect of the nanoparticles on HUVEC cell line) and indicated these nanoparticles were nontoxic. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant potentials, which showed similar antioxidant potentials for AuNPs@F. vulgaris and butylated hydroxytoluene. In part of cutaneous wound healing effect of F. vulgaris, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control, treatment with Eucerin basal ointment, treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment, treatment with 0.2% HAuCl 4 × H 2 O ointment, treatment with 0.2% F. vulgaris ointment, and treatment with 0.2% AuNPs@F. vulgaris ointment. These groups were treated for 10 days. Use of AuNPs@F. vulgaris ointment in the treatment groups substantially decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte and remarkably raised (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared to other groups. In antimicrobial part, MIC, MBC, and MFC were specified by macro-broth dilution assay. AuNPs@F. vulgaris revealed higher antibacterial and antifungal properties than many standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Also, AuNPs@F. vulgaris prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2-8 mg/ml concentrations and removed them at 2-16 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In case of antifungal potentials of AuNPs@F. vulgaris, they inhibited the growth of all fungi at 2-4 mg/ml concentrations and destroyed them at 2-8 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, synthesized AuNPs@F. vulgaris revealed non-cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal effects of gold nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves

Saneei

et al. 2019

Applied Organom Chemis

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

“…Au NPs synthesized using mint (Mentha piperita) leaf extract were documented to have antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gramnegative strains (28). Au NPs made from Maytenus royleanus indicated antileshmanial activity (29). Stable Au NPs using leaf extract of banana (Musa paradisiaca) have been reported.…”

Section: Plant Green Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While killing Leishmania, an elevated number of electrons are produced by Au NPs which yield ROS (O −2 and • OH). These radicals destroy DNA and other cellular components of the pathogen (29). Another possible mechanism is that these Au NPs hamper the transmembrane H + efflux (119).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activity Of Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the green syntheses and anti-microbial applications of gold nanoparticles

Nadeem

Abbasi

Younas

et al. 2017

116

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising multidisciplinary field. It has shown several applications including diagnostics, imaging and structural design. Nanoparticles can be synthesized via chemical and physical approaches, carrying many threats to the ecosystem. To overcome these threats, sustainable routes for the synthesis of nanoparticles were implemented. Green synthesis is the most fascinating and attractive alternative to chemical synthesis as it offers more advantages. Nontoxic and eco-friendly secondary metabolites from plants are used as reducing and capping agents. This process is comparatively simple and cost-effective. A gold salt is simply reduced by biomolecules (phenols, alkaloids, proteins, etc.) present in the extracts of these plants. In this review, we have emphasized the synthesis and antimicrobial potential of gold nanoparticles using various plant extracts and their proposed mechanisms.

“…Phytosynthesis is a technique in which extract of parts from plants are used to synthesize NPs . This technique may prove to be highly effective, quick, economical, and ecofriendly and free of hazardous byproducts.…”

Section: Current Status Of Plant‐mediated Synthesis Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle–Plant Interactions: Two‐Way Traffic

Khan

Adam

Rizvi

et al. 2019

Small

167

In this Review, an effort is made to discuss the most recent progress and future trend in the two‐way traffic of the interactions between plants and nanoparticles (NPs). One way is the use of plants to synthesize NPs in an environmentally benign manner with a focus on the mechanism and optimization of the synthesis. Another way is the effects of synthetic NPs on plant fate with a focus on the transport mechanisms of NPs within plants as well as NP‐mediated seed germination and plant development. When NPs are in soil, they can be adsorbed at the root surface, followed by their uptake and inter/intracellular movement in the plant tissues. NPs may also be taken up by foliage under aerial deposition, largely through stomata, trichomes, and cuticles, but the exact mode of NP entry into plants is not well documented. The NP–plant interactions may lead to inhibitory or stimulatory effects on seed germination and plant development, depending on NP compositions, concentrations, and plant species. In numerous cases, radiation‐absorbing efficiency, CO2 assimilation capacity, and delay of chloroplast aging have been reported in the plant response to NP treatments, although the mechanisms involved in these processes remain to be studied.