Phytotoxic Allelochemicals From Roots and Root Exudates of Leafy Spurge (<i>Euphorbia esula</i>L.)

Qin, Bo; Perry, Laura G.; Broeckling, Corey D.; Du, Jing; Stermitz, Frank R.; Paschke, Mark W.; Vivanco, Jorge M.

doi:10.4161/psb.1.6.3563

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, the permeability of allelochemicals to root tissues was reported to be greater than that to shoot tissues (Nishida et al, 2005) due to the direct contact between the root and phytotoxic compounds present in extract. Those compounds might inhibit or reduced rate of cell division (Wang et al, 2002;Qin et al, 2006) which is highly active at meristematic tissue of the growing root tip.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic activity of extracts of Citharexylum spinosum L. from Tunisia

Ayeb-Zakhama¹,

Harzallah‐Skhiri²

2016

J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci.

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Allelopathic potential of Citharexylum spinosum L. (Verbenaceae) an exotic tree introduced in Tunisia many years ago was evaluated. Organic extracts using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents together with aqueous extracts at different concentrations were prepared from different parts of the plant (roots, stems, leaves and flowers). Yields in the 12 organic extracts together with their phenol contents were reported. Leaves methanol extract showed the highest yield and amount in total phenols (6.43%; 617.93±1.12 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g MS, respectively). All extracts were tested on germination and early growth of two crops: (Lactuca sativa L.) and (Triticum aestivum L.) and two weeds: (Peganum harmala L.) and (Silybum marianum L.). Twelve parameters were established and used to the principal components analysis (PCA) and the hierarchical clusters (HCA) analysis. Three groups of extracts were separated according to their allelopathic potentiality. Almost of organic extracts were totally opposed to seed germination of peganum and thistle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic activity of extracts of Citharexylum spinosum L. from Tunisia

Ayeb-Zakhama¹,

Harzallah‐Skhiri²

2016

J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci.

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“…Elmore & Paul (1983) reported high concentration of phenolics in E. supina and E. maculata, which is supported by previous findings of Rice (1969), who reported phenolics and gallic acid in E. supine. Wanger et al, (1970), Manners & Wong (1985), Manners (1987), Manners & Davis (1987) and Qin et al (2006) have identified several phototoxins, including relatively strong phytotoxins Kaempferol-3-glucuronide and I-hexaconsanol in aqueous extracts of the whole plant, and moderately diterpenes jatrophane in leafy spurge roots. Euphorbia esula (Evans & Kinghorn, 1977;Roberts & Olson, 1999;Zhi Qiang et al, 2008) and E. heliescopia (Jiangbo et al, 2010) contains di-and tri-terpenoids and condensed tannins.…”

Section: Allelochemicals In Euphorbia Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of weeds of genus euphorbia for crop production: a review

et al. 2013

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-The genus Euphorbia comprises about 2000 species ranging from annuals to trees, including C 3 , C 4 , and CAM species. Euphorbia species widely studied in agriculture includes E. antiquorum, E. carollata, E. dentata, E. dracunculoides, E. esula, E. geniculata, E. granulata, E. helioscopia, E. heterophylla, E. hierosolymitana, E. hirta, E. maculata, E. microphylla, E. nerifolia, E. piluifera, E. pulcherrima, E. royleana, E. supine, and E. thiamifolia. These species have been reported mainly in field crops/vegetables, orchards, pastures, and rangelands. Euphorbia plants may present allelopathic effect over desirable cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, forage plants, and nitrifying bacteria, posing a serious threat to livestock production on open range lands through the release of allelochemicals from roots, stems, leaves, and inflorescence in the rhizosphere. Leaves are reported to be more toxic than other plant parts. Competition of Euphorbia spp. against crop plants is the most important crop yieldlimiting factor. The critical period for Euphorbia competition with crops is reported to take place between 17 to 70 days after emergence for most crops, depending on root development during the initial crop growth stage, crop height, tillering or branching capacity, whether weeds emerge at the same time as the crop or later after crop emergence; how quickly crop canopy develops and also on Euphorbia species. A yield reduction of 4-85% has been reported in field crops with different Euphorbia species and distinct occurrence densities. Euphorbia species decrease herbage production by 10 to 100% in pasture and rangelands, with many acting as natural insecticide, fungicide, nematidicide, immunopotentiator, or immunosuppressor.Keywords: competition, allelopathy, crops, pastures, livestock, plant protection.RESUMO -O gênero Euphorbia compreende cerca de 2.000 espécies, que variam de plantas anuais a árvores, incluindo C3, C4 e espécies CAM. As espécies de Euphorbia amplamente estudadas na agricultura incluem E. antiquorum, E. carollata, E. dentata, E. dracunculoides, E. esula, E. geniculata, E. granulata, E. helioscopia, E. heterophylla, E. hierosolymitana, E. hirta, E. maculata, E. microphylla, E. nerifolia, E. piluifera, E. pulcherrima, E. royleana, E. supina e E. thiamifolia. Essas espécies têm sido relatadas principalmente em culturas de campo, legumes/pomares, pastagens e pastagens. Plantas de Euphorbia podem apresentar efeito alelopático sobre cereais, leguminosas desejáveis , oleaginosas, vegetais, plantas forrageiras e bactérias nitrificantes, o que representa uma séria ameaça para a produção de gado em terras abertas, através da liberação de aleloquímicos de raízes, caules, folhas e inflorescências na rizosfera. As folhas são mais tóxicas do que outras partes da planta. A competição de Euphorbia spp. com plantas de cultivo é o mais importante de todos os fatores que limitam a produtividade das culturas. O período crítico da competição de Euphorbia com as colheitas é relatado como sendo entre 17 e 70 di...

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“…Additionally, under a bioactivity driven fraction ation, EA has been isolated from the root extracts of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), an invasive plant spe cies [13]. Treatments with EA reduced the fresh weight and root elongation of Arabidopsis seedlings [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ellagic acid on the root gravitropic response in Arabidopsis thaliana

Yan

Jin

Wang

et al. 2015

Russ J Plant Physiol

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Gravitropism is affected by many exogenous factors such as environmental stresses. In the present study, the effect of ellagic acid (EA) on the gravitropic curvature of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots was characterized. Exogenous application of EA influenced root gravitropic responses in a concentration depen dent fashion. KI/I staining research revealed that the starch grain in the root cap was reduced by EA treat ments. Simultaneously, expression of auxin responsive reporter gene DR5::GFP showed that the auxin redis tribution in roots treated with EA was less sensitive to that of control groups under gravity stimulus. Moreover, the expression of one of the auxin flux facilitators-PIN2, was also suppressed by EA. Taken together, our results indicated that the effects of EA on root gravitropism were largely dependent on the reduction of starch grain and the disorder of lateral auxin redistribution.Abbreviations: Col-Columbia; EA-ellagic acid; GFP-green fluorescent protein.

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Phytotoxic Allelochemicals From Roots and Root Exudates of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esulaL.)

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Allelopathic activity of extracts of Citharexylum spinosum L. from Tunisia

Allelopathic activity of extracts of Citharexylum spinosum L. from Tunisia

Implications of weeds of genus euphorbia for crop production: a review

The effect of ellagic acid on the root gravitropic response in Arabidopsis thaliana

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