Phytotoxic Exudates From Velvetleaf (Abutilon Theophrasti) Glandular Trichomes

Sterling, Tracy M.; Houtz, Robert L.; Putnam, A. R.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08675.x

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Looking at a different release mode, Sterling et al (1987) found that exudates from the glandular trichomes of velvetleaf were about twice as toxic when plants were grown under high-temperature stress, as compared with low temperatures. Water stress decreased the volume of trichome exudation, but the phytotoxicity of the exudate increased.…”

Section: Increases In Release Of Allelochernicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Involving Allelopathy in Cropping Systems

1996

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Allelopathic inhibition typically results from the combined action of a group of allelochemicals which, collectively, interfere with several physiological processes. The objectives of this paper are to summarize research that illustrates the joint action of allelochemicals, and to provide evidence that both the amount and detrimental action of these compounds depends on the extent of associated abiotic and biotic stresses. Allelopathy is strongly coupled with other stresses of the crop environment, including insects and disease, temperature extremes, nutrient and moisture variables, radiation, and herbicides. These stress conditions often enhance allelochemical production, thus increasing the potential for allelopathic interference. In the paradigm of interactions, the data indicate that crops are more sensitive to allelopathy when moisture, temperature, or nutrient conditions are less than optimal. For example, the inhibition threshold concentration for ferulic acid to affect seedling growth was reduced with even minor moisture stress (Ψ = − 0.15 MPa) or a growth temperature at the higher end of the normal range for a species. Under greenhouse conditions, additive inhibition resulted from the joint action of ferulic acid with low levels of alachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2,6‐diethylphenyl)‐N‐(methoxymethyl)acetamide], atrazine [6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N’‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine], or trifluralin [2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine]. Interactions of multiple stresses in crop environments will determine the relative impact of allelopathy. Allelopathystress interactions also have implications for herbicide and residue management strategies, crop rotations, biological control measures, and tillage practices that can contribute to a more sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Increases In Release Of Allelochernicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Involving Allelopathy in Cropping Systems

1996

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“…Artemisinin is highly phytotoxic to A. annua itself (Duke et al 1987), mak-ing sequestration within or secretion from the producing tissues a necessity. Autoallelopathic compounds of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), are found only in glandular trichomes (Sterling et al 1987). The subcuticular spaces of the glandular trichomes are likely sites of sequestration of artemisinin and other phytotoxic secondary compounds produced by A. annua.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Fine Structure of the Glandular Trichomes of Artemisia annua L.

Duke¹,

Paul²

1993

International Journal of Plant Sciences

238

144

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Development of capitate glands on the leaves of annual wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) was monitored with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Differentiation of foliar cells into gland cells began in the youngest leaf primordia. After differentiation into a 10-celled biseriate structure of two stalk cells, two basal cells, and three pairs of secretory cells, the cuticle of the six secretory cells separated from the cell walls to form a bilobed sac that eventually splits to release its contents. At every developmental stage, the cells of the the gland contained relatively little vacuolar volume. The secretory cells contained extensive endoplasmic reticulum. The plastids of each cell pair were different. At maturity, the apical cells contained proplastids or leucoplasts with only occasional thylakoids. The cell pair below the apical cell pair contained amorphous chloroplasts without starch grains. The basal cell pair contained proplastids or leucoplasts and the stalk cells contained chloroplasts. The stroma to thylakoid ratio in the secretory cell chloroplasts was high. Initially, osmiophilic product was observed most freqently associated with stacked thylakoids, plastid envelopes, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, although it was associated with all cell membranes. Near the plasma membrane adjacent to cell walls bordering the subcuticular space, the cytoplasm was enriched in smooth endoplasmic reticulum containing osmiophilic material. The apical cell wall of the apical secretory cell pair was reticulated on the inner cytoplasmic side and contained osmiophilic staining on the cuticular side. During early senescence, osmiophilic product was commonly associated with outer mitochondrial membranes.

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“…Two types of non‐glandular trichomes (unbranched and stellate) and two types of secretory glandular trichomes (short and long) have been identified on the stem, petiole and leaf surface of A theophrasti . Secondary metabolites collected from the glandular trichomes of stems and petioles were shown to have allelopathic properties 21. In this study, examination was confined to the leaf surface where the short, capitate glands were found to contain magnesium and calcium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%