Phytotoxicity of Atrazine, S-Metolachlor, and Permethrin to Typha latifolia (Linneaus) Germination and Seedling Growth

Abstract

Phytotoxicity assessments were performed to compare responses of Typha latifolia (L.) seeds to atrazine (only) and atrazine + S-metolachlor exposure concentrations of 0.03, 0.3, 3, and 30 mg L(-1), as well as permethrin exposure concentrations of 0.008, 0.08, 0.8, and 8 mg L(-1). All atrazine + S-metolachlor exposures resulted in significantly reduced radicle development (p < 0.001). A stimulatory effect for coleoptile development was noted in the three highest atrazine (only) exposures (p = 0.0030, 0.0181, and 0.0016, respectively). This research provides data concerning the relative sensitivity of T. latifolia seeds to pesticides commonly encountered in agricultural settings, as well as critical understanding and development of using T. latifolia in phytoremediation efforts for pesticide exposures.

Phytotoxicity assessment of atrazine on growth and physiology of three emergent plants

“…Recently, phytotoxicity of atrazine to a certain emergent macrophyte was evaluated using different endpoints. The development of radicles in seeds of Typha latifolia exposed to 30 mg L −1 atrazine was significantly less than radicles in controls, though no significant differences were found in germination between the control and this concentration (Moore and Locke 2012). With respect to plant growth, exposures to low environmentally relevant concentrations have generally failed to detect any effect, whereas higher concentrations of atrazine have been shown to decrease the biomass of emergent plants (EC 50 =5.24 mg L −1 for T. angustifolia, 8.76 mg L −1 for T. latifolia) (Marecik et al 2012).…”

“…1) can partially alleviate negative effects on plant growth. Additionally, low atrazine concentrations resulted in a stimulatory effect on stimulate plant shoot length, leaf blade, and stem diameter (Esser et al 1975;Moore and Locke 2012). To some extent, it was conducive to recovery of plant growth.…”

“…According to previous studies, ranges in aqueous exposure concentrations of atrazine were 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg L −1 , which fall within EECs or reported field and research concentrations (Peterson et al 1994;Morgan 1996;Moore and Locke 2012). The treatment of no atrazine addition was set as the control.…”

Influence of varying nutrient and pesticide mixtures on abatement efficiency using a vegetated free water surface constructed wetland mesocosm

“…Lytle and Lytle [43] showed J. effusus growth to be significantly inhibited by atrazine concentrations as low as 96 μg L −1 , specifically new shoot development. Similarly, Moore and Locke [44] observed that mixtures of atrazine and S-metolachlor significantly reduce radicle development in Typha latifolia seedlings at concentrations as low as 31 μg L −1 of the mixture, noting that S-metolachlor is a long-chain fatty acid inhibitor. [44] If plant growth and possibly plant metabolism slow in the presence of both atrazine and S-metolachlor, N metabolism will also be inhibited and concomitantly reduce N uptake rates.…”

“…Similarly, Moore and Locke [44] observed that mixtures of atrazine and S-metolachlor significantly reduce radicle development in Typha latifolia seedlings at concentrations as low as 31 μg L −1 of the mixture, noting that S-metolachlor is a long-chain fatty acid inhibitor. [44] If plant growth and possibly plant metabolism slow in the presence of both atrazine and S-metolachlor, N metabolism will also be inhibited and concomitantly reduce N uptake rates. This would, in turn, affect the rate at which N dissipates from the water column and increase agricultural run-off storage time needed for a wetland to process and remove N before exiting into a river or stream.…”