Phytotoxicity of canola residues: Release of water-soluble phytotoxins

Wanniarachchi, S. D.; Voroney, R. P.

doi:10.4141/s94-083

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Water-soluble extracts from canola root, stem and leaf tissues suppressed the growth of wheat, barley and corn seedlings, even after only one day of incubation 16 . Extracts of canola leaves were the most phytotoxic to the seedlings, causing decreased coleoptile and radicle elongation compared to the control 16 . Similarly, water-soluble extracts from dead black mustard stalks and leaves were effective Table 1.…”

Section: Growth Of Established Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Members of the Brassicaceae family contain glucosinolates-sulfur-containing molecules that are hydrolyzed to form compounds toxic to a variety of soil-borne organisms, including weeds 9 . Laboratory and greenhouse studies suggest that the hydrolysis products of glucosinolates, as well as brassica residues and extracts containing these compounds, are toxic to weeds [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , insect pests 17,18 and pathogens [19][20][21] . In addition, a limited number of field studies have confirmed the ability of brassicas in rotations to suppress weeds [22][23][24] , nematodes 25 and fungal pathogens 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brassica cover cropping for weed management: A review

Haramoto

Gallandt

2004

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

206

121

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Cover crops offer many benefits for farmers seeking to reduce their reliance on external inputs. These include maintaining and improving soil quality, preventing erosion and, in some cases, allelopathic weed control. Allelopathic potential has been well documented for cover crops such as cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Much less is known about other potentially allelopathic cover crops, including certain brassicaceous species that are normally grown for their oilseeds, including canola and rapeseed (both Brassica napus L.) and mustards (e.g., Sinapis alba L., white and yellow mustard). Because of their potential contribution to pest management, there is increased interest in growing brassicas, both as cover crops and as seed crops harvested for oil production. In this review, we first discuss unique attributes of brassicas that make them promising options for pest management, as well as generally beneficial cover crops. Next, we review the literature from controlled settings on the effects of brassicas, brassica extracts and isolated compounds contained therein on seed germination, seedling emergence and establishment, and seedling growth—effects that, combined or taken alone, could contribute to reducing the density and vigor of weed communities in the field. Field studies examining the detrimental effects of brassicas in rotation with other crops, as well as examining the effects of brassica cover crops on weed dynamics in subsequent crops, also are reviewed. Finally, we review some important agronomic considerations about the use of brassica cover crops.

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Section: Growth Of Established Seedlingsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassica cover cropping for weed management: A review

Haramoto

Gallandt

2004

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

206

121

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“…Therefore, in particular environmental conditions, we cannot exclude that the phytotoxicity of VFAs generated from hydrochar after its application to the soil could be enhanced. On the other hand, soil biological (e.g., microbial composition and activity) and physical conditions may also play an opposing role by decreasing the production or buffering the phytotoxic effect of VFAs in agricultural soils, as demonstrated by several incubation studies [51].…”

Section: Fresh Hydrochar (Fh) Chemical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Municipal Woody and Herbaceous Prunings: Hydrochar Valorisation as Soil Amendment and Growth Medium for Horticulture

et al. 2018

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In this study, we investigate the suitability of hydrochar, produced at industrial scale by hydrothermal carbonization of municipal woody and herbaceous prunings, to be used as soil amendment and peat substitute in organic growth medium for horticulture. Fresh hydrochar and the products of two different hydrochar post-treatments (i.e., washing and aging) were compared in terms of potential phytotoxicity throughout physicochemical characterization and germination tests, performed with a sensitive species (Lactuca sativa). The results showed that the fresh hydrochar obtained from municipal green wastes complies with the Italian regulated parameters for the use as soil amendment. Moreover, hydrochar exhibits biological activity and a high content in organic C, Ca, and other micronutrients (Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, Cl). On the other hand, post-treatments are needed before application of hydrochar as peat substitute in potting mix, since appreciable phytotoxic effects on lettuce seed germination and radicle length of plantlets were observed (e.g., germination percentage of 56% and 54%, with 5 and 10 wt % of hydrochar in the blend, respectively). The inhibition of germination could be mainly attributed to the presence of polyphenols (tannins) and volatile fatty acids, which were most effectively removed through the aging post-treatment.

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“…These findings are in agreement with that found by Mian and Rodríguez-Kábana (1982) or Hewlett et al (1997), on other crops, where the use of higher amount of tannins showed phytotoxic effect on growth parameters of squash and tomato plants, respectively. Some residues of plants contain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) which are phytotoxic on other plant species growth as found by Wanniarachchi and Voroney (1997). They tested the release of VFAs and PCs from root, stem and leaves residues of canola plants (rapeseed) (Brassica napus L.) and their inhibiting (P≤0.01) effect on seedling growth (coleoptile and radicle lengths) of corn (Zea mays L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematicidal effect of chestnut tannin solutions on the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Barhens

2012

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108 SummaryRecently, tannins have been reported for their nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica both in vitro and in pot experiments in addition to a biocidal effect on a wide range of fungi, bacteria and yeasts. However, no information is available on the effect of these polyphenols on plant parasitic cyst nematodes. Therefore, an in vitro and a pot experiments on potato were undertaken to investigate the nematicidal activity of tannin aqueous solutions at different concentrations on the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. In the in vitro experiment different tannin concentrations in a geometric scale (from 0.32 to 20.48 g/l) were tested for their effect on the egg hatch of the nematode. All tested tannin concentrations were effective to reduce egg viability from 56 to 87%, in comparison to the untreated control. In the pot experiment, tannins, as aqueous solutions at rates of 100, 250 and 450 g/m 2 , were applied to soil at two different application times (at sowing and at sowing and two weeks later). All tested doses were effective to reduce the number of cyst/100 g soil, eggs and juveniles/g soil and reproduction rate in comparison to untreated control. The number of eggs and juveniles/cyst was not influenced by the different applied rates of tannins.

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Phytotoxicity of canola residues: Release of water-soluble phytotoxins

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Brassica cover cropping for weed management: A review

Brassica cover cropping for weed management: A review

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Municipal Woody and Herbaceous Prunings: Hydrochar Valorisation as Soil Amendment and Growth Medium for Horticulture

Nematicidal effect of chestnut tannin solutions on the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Barhens

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