Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis

Graniti, A.; Durbin, R. D.; Ballio, A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76470-7_1

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…[1][2][3] A number of weed management strategies have been followed in agriculture production, including mechanical, cultural, chemical, and biological strategies. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] They belong to different classes of naturally occurring compounds: aromatics, aminoacids, coumarins and isocoumarins, cytochalasans, ethanones, furopyrans, nonenolides, oxazatricycloalkenones, pyrones, spirophytotoxins, terpenes, trichothecenes, and some others with a complex and original carbon skeleton. On the other hand, the use of chemical pesticides differing widely in respect to spectrum, unit activity, crop safety, toxicology, and environmental effects has increased herbicidal resistance and environmental and toxicological concerns raise a question mark over their large scale use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal phytotoxins with potential herbicidal activity: chemical and biological characterization

Cimmino¹,

Masi²,

Evidente³

et al. 2015

Nat. Prod. Rep.

155

149

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Covering: 2007 to 2015 Fungal phytotoxins are secondary metabolites playing an important role in the induction of disease symptoms interfering with host plant physiological processes. Although fungal pathogens represent a heavy constraint for agrarian production and for forest and environmental heritage, they can also represent an ecofriendly alternative to manage weeds. Indeed, the phytotoxins produced by weed pathogenic fungi are an efficient tool to design natural, safe bioherbicides. Their use could avoid that of synthetic pesticides causing resistance in the host plants and the long term impact of residues in agricultural products with a risk to human and animal health. The isolation and structural and biological characterization of phytotoxins produced by pathogenic fungi for weeds, including parasitic plants, are described. Structure activity relationships and mode of action studies for some phytotoxins are also reported to elucidate the herbicide potential of these promising fungal metabolites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal phytotoxins with potential herbicidal activity: chemical and biological characterization

Cimmino¹,

Masi²,

Evidente³

et al. 2015

Nat. Prod. Rep.

155

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Indeed, several studies have sought to ascertain the role of bioactive microbial metabolites in the pathogenic process. As a result, many new phytotoxins, belonging to many classes of naturally occurring compounds, have been reported …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, biological agents offer the advantage of being fully compatible with the environment, often with high specificity, and also represent a long‐term solution to control pests that are particularly resistant to chemical herbicides. Therefore, many efforts have been made to control pests by using their natural antagonists, mainly microscopic fungi and/or the secondary bioactive metabolites which they produce …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, many new phytotoxins, belonging to many classes of naturally occurring compounds, have been reported. [1][2][3][4][5] Plant pests affecting economically important crops constitute another important problem, causing marked losses in agricultural production. Weeds have always been recognized as one of the most serious environmental problems when growing in the same field as crops, causing heavy losses to crop production and reforestation and also reducing pasture areas, leading to a reduction in animal food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Stereochemistry on the Biological Activity of Natural Phytotoxins, Fungicides, Insecticides and Herbicides

Evidente¹,

Cimmino²,

Andolfi³

2012

Chirality

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Phytotoxins are secondary microbial metabolites that play an essential role in the development of disease symptoms induced by fungi on host plants. Although phytotoxins can cause extensive-and in some cases devastating-damage to agricultural crops, they can also represent an important tool to develop natural herbicides when produced by fungi and plants to inhibit the growth and spread of weeds. An alternative strategy to biologically control parasitic plants is based on the use of plant and fungal metabolites, which stimulate seed germination in the absence of the host plant. Nontoxigenic fungi also produce bioactive metabolites with potential fungicide and insecticide activity, and could be applied for crop protection. All these metabolites represent important tools to develop eco-friendly pesticides. This review deals with the relationships between the biological activity of some phytotoxins, seed germination stimulants, fungicides and insecticides, and their stereochemistry.

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“…The chemical nature of these toxins ranges from low-molecular-weight compounds, such as all classes of terpenes, chromanones, butenolides, pyrones, macrolides, aromatic derivatives and amino acids, to high-molecular-weight compounds, such as proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides. As a result, many new phytotoxins have been reported (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Phytotoxins, isolated from fungi that are pathogenic for weedy plants, are an important tool to realize new strategies for the control of plant infestations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the anticancer activities of two fungal polycyclic ethanones, alternethanoxins A and B, and two of their derivatives

Bury

Punzo²,

Berestetskiy³

et al. 2010

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. Alternethanoxins A (1) and B (2) are fungal phytotoxins that are produced by Alternaria sonchi and have been recently characterized as new polycyclic ethanones. Triacetyl (3) and dimethyl (4) derivatives of compound 1 were evaluated together with alternethanoxins for their in vitro growth inhibitory activities in five human and one mouse cancer cell lines in comparison to the reference compound temozolomide (TMZ). Compounds 1-4 and TMZ displayed similar growth inhibitory activities, and these anticancer activities were equivalent in cancer cell lines that display certain levels of resistance to pro-apoptotic stimuli and those that are sensitive to pro-apoptotic stimuli. Of the six cancer cell lines under study, the human esophageal cancer cell line OE21 was the most sensitive to the four polycyclic ethanones. Computerassisted phase-contrast microscopy (quantitative videomicroscopy) revealed that compounds 1, 2 and 4 displayed cytostatic rather than cytotoxic growth inhibitory effects, while compound 3 appeared to have cytotoxic effects. Thus, this study creates a stimulus for further structure-activity investigations with respect to the anticancer activities of compounds belonging to the alternethanoxin group. The observed toxicity does not seem to be affected by the stereochemistry of C-6 of the B ring, the presence of a hydroxy group at C-1 or the presence of a furan ring joining rings A and C in alternethanoxin B. The anticancer activity (cytostatic versus cytotoxic) of this type of compound could be affected by the chemical moieties present at the hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-6, as was observed for the cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of derivatives 4 and 3, respectively.

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Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Fungal phytotoxins with potential herbicidal activity: chemical and biological characterization

Fungal phytotoxins with potential herbicidal activity: chemical and biological characterization

The Effect of Stereochemistry on the Biological Activity of Natural Phytotoxins, Fungicides, Insecticides and Herbicides

Evaluation of the anticancer activities of two fungal polycyclic ethanones, alternethanoxins A and B, and two of their derivatives

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