PI-Consensus Based Distributed Control of AC Microgrids

Shi, Min; Chen, Xia; Zhou, Jianyu; Chen, Yin; Wen, Jinyu; He, Haibo

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2019.2950629

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The existing droop techniques like

scriptP / f

and Q/V droop levels are generally used to obtain plug and play features. In such a technique, relation between active power‐regulating frequency

((), scriptP - f)

and other relation like reactive power‐output voltage of DER to the standalone MG have introduced 98,118 . According to the droop technique, reference value of voltage and frequency

((), scriptU / normalf)

can be expressed as follows 70,119 :

ω = ω_{ref} - scriptmP

u = u_{ref} - scriptn Q

where ω ref and U ref are reference value of angular frequency and voltage amplitude of the grid.…”

Section: Microgrid Control Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent control techniques and management of AC microgrids: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future trends

Singh¹,

Singh²,

Verma

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary Distributed generation is considered as a key component of the emerging microgrid (MG) concept, enabling the integration of renewable sources in a distributed network. The MG has been accepted globally as a new approach that provides a flexible, reliable, sustainable, and economical solution for green and clean power generation. Microgrid is constituted by distributed energy resources (DERs) and is a combination of parallel connection equipped with suitable control and protection scheme for the operation in both islanded and utility grid‐connected mode. Microgrid structure with various hierarchy control techniques is categorized into three layers such as primary control, secondary control, and tertiary control techniques. A comprehensive literature review of these control techniques in AC microgrid is presented. In addition, the technical challenges of existing MGs affect real‐time applications around the globe. For the development and execution of various MG topologies, suitable power strategies are adopted to integrate distributed generation (IDG), energy storage system (ESS), and consumer loads for an improved energy management system (EMS). This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of recent control techniques of AC microgrids with DERs having various important aspects; hierarchical control techniques, management strategies, technical challenges, and their future trends in the system. Moreover, a comparative performance analysis of our proposed review with existing surveys of AC control techniques with their individual merits and demerits have been presented. Furthermore, this investigation of different power control techniques applied in MG is compared and classified in terms of various important features, highlighting potential advantages, and different applications.

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“…The existing droop techniques like

scriptP / f

and Q/V droop levels are generally used to obtain plug and play features. In such a technique, relation between active power‐regulating frequency

((), scriptP - f)

and other relation like reactive power‐output voltage of DER to the standalone MG have introduced 98,118 . According to the droop technique, reference value of voltage and frequency

((), scriptU / normalf)

can be expressed as follows 70,119 :

ω = ω_{ref} - scriptmP

u = u_{ref} - scriptn Q

where ω ref and U ref are reference value of angular frequency and voltage amplitude of the grid.…”

Section: Microgrid Control Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent control techniques and management of AC microgrids: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future trends

Singh¹,

Singh²,

Verma

et al. 2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…,..., , ,..., , ,..., that the control objectives of reactive power sharing and multi-bus voltage regulation can be conveniently tuned through W and R. The cost function (12) of the multiobjective secondary control problem can be formulated into a standard quadratic programming problem, as below:…”

Section: B Quadratic Programming Based Optimal Secondary Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11] proposed a voltage-consensus scheme to maintain the averaged DERbus voltage to the rated value. [12], [15] proposed a PIconsensus based secondary voltage controller for regulating averaged-DER-bus voltage without the needs of external reference. Different from the typical average-voltage scheme, [16] proposed an observer-based distributed secondary voltage control that can regulate DER voltages to a weighted-average value (while considering constraints on reactive powers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Secondary Multi-Bus Voltage and Reactive Power Sharing Control Based on Non-Iterative Decoupled Linearized Power Flow for Islanded Microgrids

et al. 2021

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The subject of optimal secondary control of power-electronic-interfaced distributed energy resources (DERs) in droop-controlled microgrids has garnered significant research attention in recent years. While the feasibility of optimal secondary control based on non-linear power flow has been proven, the power flow algorithm is essentially iterative in nature. This work proposes an optimal secondary control with non-iterative power flow to regulate multi-bus voltages and DERs' reactive powers. The control scheme incorporates a modified Decoupled Linearized Power Flow that is known to be superior in terms of reactive power and bus voltage magnitude estimation, as compared to classical DC power flow, into a constrained quadratic programming. Q-V droop is integrated into the linear power flow in place of the slack bus. The proposed optimal scheme is provably accurate for maintaining reactive power sharing while regulating multiple load-bus voltages. The additional degrees of freedom enabled by the weighting factors significantly improve the control flexibility of the secondary controller. The allowable bus voltages and DER kVar capacity limits have also been considered by the control algorithm. The work is proven through an accurate co-simulation study comprising an 18-bus network and a full primary control models in PowerFactory, interfaced through industrial communication tool MatrikonOPC.INDEX TERMS Microgrid, droop control, reactive power sharing, voltage regulation, optimal secondary control, decoupled linearized power flow.

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“…It can either be minimised by modifying the existing droop techniques or by implementing the secondary controller. Frequency and voltage restoration technique using communication is proposed in [32][33][34][35]. A consensus-based distributed voltage control is proposed in [36], which keeps the output voltage in the permissible range of operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralised inverter control for improved reactive power sharing and voltage profile in a microgrid

Dheer

Gupta

Doolla

2020

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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This paper enhances a self‐adjusting droop control strategy further to achieve an improved voltage profile in a microgrid along with proportional reactive power sharing amongst its sources. The proposed enhancement consists of an additional term in the “self‐adjusting” nominal voltage. The proposed strategy is entirely decentralised and does not require information about the feeder impedance or the network topology. The proposed technique is robust and found to improve the voltage profile and the reactive power sharing for radial, meshed as well as reconfigured microgrid networks. Simulation studies have been performed on two test microgrids to assess and compare the performance of the proposed strategy. Experimental validation to confirm further the viability of the proposed strategy for several topological structures of the microgrid is done on a laboratory‐scale microgrid.

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PI-Consensus Based Distributed Control of AC Microgrids

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

Recent control techniques and management of AC microgrids: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future trends

Recent control techniques and management of AC microgrids: A critical review on issues, strategies, and future trends

An Optimal Secondary Multi-Bus Voltage and Reactive Power Sharing Control Based on Non-Iterative Decoupled Linearized Power Flow for Islanded Microgrids

Decentralised inverter control for improved reactive power sharing and voltage profile in a microgrid

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