PI3K/Akt pathway contributes to neuroprotective effect of Tongxinluo against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats

Treatment Effects of Ischemic Stroke by Berberine, Baicalin, and Jasminoidin from Huang‐Lian‐Jie‐Du‐Decoction (HLJDD) Explored by an Integrated Metabolomics Approach

“…PI3K/Akt and NF- κ B signaling pathways may be functionally interconnected and not acting independently. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway can exert its prominent neuroprotective effect against cerebral I/R injury by regulation of inflammation [48, 49]. AKT pathway activation has been shown to abolish NF- κ B-driven activation of gene expression [50] and has been suggested to contribute to the inhibition of NF- κ B activation by modulating the transactivation capacity of the NF- κ B p65 subunit [51].…”

Chinese medicine Tongxinluo capsule alleviates cerebral microcirculatory disturbances in ischemic stroke by modulating vascular endothelial function and inhibiting leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions in mice: A two‐photon laser scanning microscopy study

“…Previous studies have revealed that TXL has various pharmacological effects such as improvement of endothelial function, lowering lipid and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, antiinflammation, antiapoptosis, and enhancement of angiogenesis . Recent investigations have demonstrated that TXL protects BBB by anti‐inflammation and also has a neuroprotective effect through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in stroke model. However, the effect of TXL on cerebral microcirculatory disturbances after ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanisms are still not clear.…”

The sonic hedgehog pathway mediates Tongxinluo capsule‐induced protection against blood‐brain barrier disruption after ischaemic stroke in mice

“…TXL, a Chinese prescription, consists of 12 medicinal components for treating angina pectoris and ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases in China mentioned above. Previous studies have demonstrated that TXL has a significant neuroprotective against cerebral ischaemia, such as reducing cerebral infarct volume, alleviating brain oedema, protecting against BBB disruption by anti‐inflammation, attenuating neuronal loss, and promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis . In our prior study, we observed the effect of different doses of TXL (0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg, respectively) on cerebral microcirculatory disturbances after cerebral ischaemia in mice using a two‐photon microscopy, and found that both doses of TXL (1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) could alleviate cerebral microcirculatory disturbances through modulating vascular endothelial function and inhibiting leucocyte‐endothelial cell interactions, protect BBB, reduce brain infarct volume and thereby improve neurological function.…”

“…Previous research has shown that TXL has a variety of pharmacological actions such as improving endothelial function, reducing plasma lipid and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, and promoting angiogenesis . Reports have revealed that TXL protects against BBB disruption through inhibiting inflammatory response and also provides neuroprotection against brain ischaemia in association with activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway . Our recent study has demonstrated that TXL alleviates cerebral microcirculatory disturbances after brain ischaemia by modulating endothelial function and inhibiting leucocyte‐endothelial cell interactions, protects against BBB disruption, reduces brain infarct volume and then improves neurological function .…”