Pickering emulsion ink in additive manufacturing: A state-of-the-art review

Lim, Hui-Peng; Karandagaspitiya, Chani Oshadi; Chan, Derek Kwan-Hoe; Low, Liang-Ee; Tey, Beng-Ti; Chan, Eng-Seng

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2023.103677

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Emulsions, as a typical polydisperse system formed by dispersing a liquid into another immiscible one in droplet forms, have been extensively applied in many industrial processes and commercial products, such as foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products . To address the thermodynamically instability due to large interface energy between immiscible liquids, emulsifiers were widely adopted, including surfactants or surface-active polymers, categorized as traditional emulsifiers. , Key questions regarding traditional emulsions mainly involves three aspects: (i) the toxicity of chemically synthesized surfactants; (ii) the disposal difficulty of adsorbed and enriched surfactants at interphases; and (iii) the unexpected effect incurred by the self-recovery of assembled surfactant film. − Developing novel emulsions of low traditional emulsifier dosage with new functions such as stimulus-responsiveness is of vital importance and also challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH/Ion Dual-Responsive Emulsion Via a Cationic Surfactant and Positively Charged Magnesium Hydroxide Nanosheets

Zhu,

Chen,

Ding

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Emulsions, formed by dispersing a liquid into another immiscible one by virtue of emulsifiers, have been widely applied in commercial applications like foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care, which always confront environmental and/or toxic questions due to emulsifiers’ high dosage. Recently, a study on Pickering emulsions points out a solution to stable emulsions based on the costabilizing effect of colloidal particles, which focused on surface-active particles cooperating with oppositely charged ionic surfactants. Costabilized emulsions adopting a charge-similar ionic surfactant and particles were less studied. In this article, a hexane-in-water emulsion was prepared in use of a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with positively charged magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanosheets at low concentrations (10–5 M and 10–2 wt %, respectively). The emulsion is stable due to the synergy by CTAB and MH nanosheets, which functions in virtue of the electric repulsion by similarly charged particles, the mechanical shielding by MH nanosheets, and restrained water drainage in lamellae between droplets due to the gelation of MH nanosheets. Moreover, the emulsion is doubly switchable within emulsification/demulsification via convenient pH or ion manipulation, a mechanism based on the breakdown and rebuilding of the costabilizing synergy. Such dual-responsive emulsions show high potential for the delicate control of drug delivery, release, and biphasic biocatalysis applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH/Ion Dual-Responsive Emulsion Via a Cationic Surfactant and Positively Charged Magnesium Hydroxide Nanosheets

Zhu,

Chen,

Ding

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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“…6 The printing ink based on colloidal emulsion systems has been a preferred choice to prepare a shear-thinning, viscoelastic, and thixotropic precursor to engineer advanced 3D structures. 7 As a functionalized printing ink with excellent colloidal stability against coalescence, Pickering emulsions have recently attracted significant interest in 3D-printing applications, as they can endure repeated mechanical deformation and rising temper- ature during the direct-ink-write (DIW) printing process, attaining improved printability and shape fidelity. 8 Although stable to coalescence and Ostwald ripening, Pickering emulsion systems are prone to flocculation, which is a universal phenomenon affecting the physical stability, flow behavior, and structure of such emulsions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depletion Flocculation of High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsion Inks: A Colloidal Engineering Approach to Develop 3D Printed Porous Scaffolds with Tunable Bioactive Delivery

Shahbazi,

Jäger,

Huc-Mathis

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Flocculation is a type of aggregation where the surfaces of approaching droplets are still at distances no closer than a few nanometers while still remaining in close proximity. In a high internal-phase oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, the state of flocculation affects the bulk flow behavior and viscoelasticity, which can consequently control the three-dimensional (3D)-printing process and printing performance. Herein, we present the assembly of O/W Pickering high-internal-phase emulsions (Pickering-HIPEs) as printing inks and demonstrate how depletion flocculation in such Pickering-HIPE inks can be used as a facile colloidal engineering approach to tailor a porous 3D structure suitable for drug delivery. Pickering-HIPEs were prepared using different levels of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), co-stabilized using “raw” submicrometer-sized sustainable particles from a biomass-processing byproduct. In the presence of this sustainable particle, the higher CNC contents facilitated particle-induced depletion flocculation, which led to the formation of a mechanically robust gel-like ink system. Nonetheless, the presence of adsorbed particles on the surface of droplets ensured their stability against coalescence, even in such a highly aggregated system. The gel structures resulting from the depletion phenomenon enabled the creation of high-performance printed objects with tunable porosity, which can be precisely controlled at two distinct levels: first, by introducing voids within the internal structure of filaments, and second, by generating cavities (pore structures) through the elimination of the water phase. In addition to printing efficacy, the HIPEs could be applied for curcumin delivery, and in vitro release kinetics demonstrated that the porous 3D scaffolds engineered for the first time using depletion-flocculated HIPE inks played an important role in 3D scaffold disintegration and curcumin release. Thus, this study offers a unique colloidal engineering approach of using depletion flocculation to template 3D printing of sustainable inks to generate next-generation porous scaffolds for personalized drug deliveries.

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Direct Vat‐Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Hierarchically Porous SiC Loaded with Co/Ni Based Catalysts by Using Pickering Emulsions

Ho,

Pung,

Lock

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Hierarchically porous silicon carbide (SiC) is an important catalyst support widely used in various gas and liquid catalytic processes. Conventional approaches to fabricate such SiC have limited design flexibility and separated catalyst‐loading step is necessitated. Herein, a one‐step, direct vat‐photopolymerization 3D printing of hierarchically porous SiC loaded with Co/Ni based catalyst is demonstrated with Pickering emulsion as feedstock for the first time. Compared with normal ceramic slurries, Pickering emulsion dramatically increases the cure depth (by 50%) and emulsion stability, which allow continuous printing of complex SiC structures with uniform pore morphology. The resultant hierarchical porous SiC offered ≈40% better mechanical strength as compared with non‐hierarchical counterpart. By dissolving metal salts into aqueous phase in Pickering emulsions, complex architected structures with Co or Ni/Co in situ loaded in SiC matrix are printed. The metal salts are then thermally converted into oxides or silicates as catalysts anchored on SiC, exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and reusability. The emulsion templating strategy holds great facility to load various highly attractive materials such as high entropy oxides or functional fillers whilst reaping the benefits of vat photopolymerization for a myriad of applications in catalysis, batteries, and structural supports.

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Pickering emulsion ink in additive manufacturing: A state-of-the-art review

Cited by 6 publications

References 104 publications

pH/Ion Dual-Responsive Emulsion Via a Cationic Surfactant and Positively Charged Magnesium Hydroxide Nanosheets

pH/Ion Dual-Responsive Emulsion Via a Cationic Surfactant and Positively Charged Magnesium Hydroxide Nanosheets

Depletion Flocculation of High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsion Inks: A Colloidal Engineering Approach to Develop 3D Printed Porous Scaffolds with Tunable Bioactive Delivery

Direct Vat‐Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Hierarchically Porous SiC Loaded with Co/Ni Based Catalysts by Using Pickering Emulsions

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