Picornaviruses

Burden of Cardiomyopathic Genetic Variation in Lethal Pediatric Myocarditis

“…4,5 Although ≈1.5 million people are affected with AM per year, 6 the incidence is relatively low in proportion to the pervasiveness of these pathogens. For example, although over half the population is seropositive for coxsackievirus B3, 7 76% of infected individuals have no clinical manifestations 8 and fewer still develop AM. Presentations of AM also vary from mild systolic dysfunction to decompensated heart failure or sudden cardiac death.…”

Diversity and molecular characterisation of enteroviruses detected in Hungary

“…Loops joining the protein sequences between the β-barrel and the N-and C-terminal portions of the protein feature the main antigenic sites involved in viral neutralisation. The three proteins interact extensively, while VP4 forms a lattice on the inside of the pentameric apex (Philip D. Minor, 1998).…”

“…They are inactivated by ionising radiation, UV light or by drying. The efficiency of inactivation usually varies by pH, temperature and the presence of organic matter (Philip D. Minor, 1998;V. Racaniello, 2007).…”

“…Enteroviruses are primarily transmitted via the faecal-oral route, but infection by direct inoculation with contaminated fingers from exanthems or conjunctivitis, inhalation of respiratory droplets and vertical transmission is also possible (Hawkes & Vaudry, 2005;Philip D. Minor, 1998). Virus replication initially occurs in the mucosal tissues of the upper respiratory tract, or the gastrointestinal tract as EVs can withstand the acidic conditions of the stomach.…”

“…inapparent infection (90-95%), 2. abortive or minor illness (4-8%) 3. non-paralytic poliomyelitis (1-2%) 4. paralytic poliomyelitis (0.1-2%) (Philip D. Minor, 1998). Species B EVs have been widely described as the most common cause of aseptic meningitis cases and outbreaks (Holmes et al, 2016;Nougairede et al, 2014;Pallansch et al, 2013).…”