Picoscale science and nanoscale engineering by electron microscopy

Abstract

A future scanning/transmission electron microscope is proposed to be a comprehensive machine that is capable of providing picoseconds time-resolved information at sub-nanometer scale and even at picometer scale, spatial resolution. At the same time, physical and chemical properties can be measured in situ from a region as small as a few nanometers by introducing local electric, mechanical, thermal, magnetic and/or optical stimulations/excitations under vacuum or even in a quasi-ambient environment. It is anticipated that nanoscopy and picoscopy will be key tools for studying picoscale science and developing nanoscale technology related to materials science, biology, physics and chemistry.

Electron-Based Imaging Techniques

“…The UEM technique is based on a femtosecond laser beam that is split into two: one beam is directed to the electron gun to generate the incident electron packet, which serves as a 'shutter' for capturing the dynamic process; the other beam, with a controlled delay in time, is directed to excite the sample [44]. The UEM technique is based on a femtosecond laser beam that is split into two: one beam is directed to the electron gun to generate the incident electron packet, which serves as a 'shutter' for capturing the dynamic process; the other beam, with a controlled delay in time, is directed to excite the sample [44].…”

Nanomaterials Produced by Electrocrystallization Method

“…Electrical and thermal properties of nanocrystalline copper are very sensitive to the inner structure of a material, so theoretical prediction of these properties is a difficult task [6]. Defects of crystalline structure influence useful properties of the electrocrystallized copper.…”