Picrorhiza kurroa: a promising traditional therapeutic herb from higher altitude of western Himalayas

Debnath, Pritam; Rathore, Shalika; Walia, Shanka; Kumar, M. Ravi; Devi, Renu; Kumar, Rakesh

doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100358

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The people of the study area use these taxa for the antiinflammatory, antihelminthic, refrigerant and stomachic properties. Phytochemical analysis of P. kurroa reveals the presence of active iridoids (picroside I and II), cucurbitacins and phenolic components [ 226 ], and these active constituents are responsible for their medicinal value. The common plant found in the area, Datura stramonium L., is an important hallucinogenic drug and it is reported to be used for memory-related disorders and various skin-related disorders [ 178 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnobotany of the Himalayas: Safeguarding Medical Practices and Traditional Uses of Kashmir Regions

Bhat

Singh

Surmal

et al. 2021

Biology

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The present study was carried out to enlist the medicinal plants used by the local inhabitants of developing countries such as India, and the district of Kupwara of the Kashmir Himalaya has been targeted. Our research is one of the first study focusing on the statistical evaluation of the cross-cultural analysis between three different communities i.e., Dard, Kashmiri and Gujjar, of the study area. Sampling was carried out in eight villages in 2017 to 2020, and data were collected from 102 informants based on walking transects, to collect plant specimens, and semi-structured interviews. The medical usages of all collected taxa were grouped into 15 disease categories and 81 biomedical ailments. In this study, we documented around 107 plant taxa belonging to 52 families from the local inhabitants of the Kashmir Himalaya, which regulate the livelihood of the people and support cultural ecosystem services. Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Ranunculaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae, Polygonaceae, Plantaginaceae and Brassicaceae are the top most dominant families. Herbaceous groups of plants were more common than trees and shrubs, and 71.96% of herb taxa were employed as medicine. Liliaceae, Caprifoliaceae and Portulacaceae (FUV = 0.24 each) have the highest family use value (FUV). The most prominent family was Asteraceae (seven genera, nine taxa), followed by Rosaceae and Lamiaceae (six genera, six taxa each). Persicaria Mill., Rheum L., Aconitum L. and Artemisia L. were prominent genera. Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. (47UR), Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (45UR), Arisaema jacquemontii Blume (37UR), Asparagus racemosus Willd. (36UR) and Rumex acetosa L. (35UR) were the most important plant taxa with reference to use-reports. The ethnomedicinal applications of Aesculus indica Wall. ex Cambess., Solanum pseudocapsicum L., Ranunculus hirtellus Royle and Cormus domestica (L.) Spach plant taxa are reported here for the first time from the Himalayan Kashmiri people. We recommend further research on ethnopharmacological application of these newly recorded ethnobotanical plants. The medical usage of the plant was limited to different parts of the plant. In terms of the usage percentage, whole plant (26.17%), leaves (24.30%) and roots (19.63%) were found to have the highest utilization. The powder form (40.19%) was the most frequently employed method of drug/medicine preparation, followed by the utilization of extracted juice and/or other extracts (22.43%). The ICF values range from 0.85 to 1.00. Their use to remedy parasitic problems (PAR) and insect bites (IB) (ICF = 1.0 each) had the maximum consensus mentioned by the informants, although the number of taxa employed under this category was very limited. The different plant taxa used for the treatment of the gastrointestinal problems (GAS) was the most prominent disease category (262 URs, 16.19%, 25 taxa, ICF = 0.90). About 65% of the plant taxa studied is indigenous to the Asia or Himalayan regions, and around 35% is found to be exotic in nature. A strong positive correlation was found between age, gender, educational qualification and medicinal plant knowledge. No significant association was between people of different communities interviewed in terms of medical knowledge of the plants, p = 0.347 (>0.05) and χ2 = 2.120. No significant difference was found between the number of species documented concerning gender as p = 0.347 (>0.05) and χ2 =0.885. This study provides the comprehensive status of ethnomedicinal knowledge among three different communities of the study area. This study provided an impetus in discovering the baseline primary data for molecules which would help in drug discovery and management of various diseases, apart from conserving the genepool of plants in the investigated area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnobotany of the Himalayas: Safeguarding Medical Practices and Traditional Uses of Kashmir Regions

Bhat

Singh

Surmal

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. (Family Plantaginaceae), a perennial herb of Himalaya (3000–5000 masl), has been used in traditional and modern medicine systems as hepatoprotective, antiperiodic, cholagouge, stomachic, antiamoebic, antioxidant, antihelmintic, antiinflammatory, cardiotonic, laxative, carminative and expectorant [ 1 – 3 ]. The medicinal potential is mostly ascribed to iridoid glycosides i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medicinal potential is mostly ascribed to iridoid glycosides i.e. picrosides, which are used in herbal formulation of more than 2000 drugs [ 1 , 4 ]. Morphologically, plants are herbaceous with an elongated rhizome (rootstock) and aerial portion consists of basal leaves and terminal inflorescence (flowering spike) [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. kurroa synthesizes active phytochemicals in tissue/organ-specific manner through highly complex biosynthetic pathways [ 7 ]. Due to active phytochemical ingredients, the global annual demand of this plant is increased to 500 tons, whereas its supply is only 375 tons [ 1 , 8 ]. Consequently, proteomic technologies provide one of the best choices for the functional analysis of translated parts of the genome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-depth assembly of organ and development dissected Picrorhiza kurroa proteome map using mass spectrometry

et al. 2021

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Background Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. being a rich source of phytochemicals, is a promising high altitude medicinal herb of Himalaya. The medicinal potential is attributed to picrosides i.e. iridoid glycosides, which synthesized in organ-specific manner through highly complex pathways. Here, we present a large-scale proteome reference map of P. kurroa, consisting of four morphologically differentiated organs and two developmental stages. Results We were able to identify 5186 protein accessions (FDR < 1%) providing a deep coverage of protein abundance array, spanning around six orders of magnitude. Most of the identified proteins are associated with metabolic processes, response to abiotic stimuli and cellular processes. Organ specific sub-proteomes highlights organ specialized functions that would offer insights to explore tissue profile for specific protein classes. With reference to P. kurroa development, vegetative phase is enriched with growth related processes, however generative phase harvests more energy in secondary metabolic pathways. Furthermore, stress-responsive proteins, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs), particularly phosphorylation and ADP-ribosylation play an important role in P. kurroa adaptation to alpine environment. The proteins involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites are well represented in P. kurroa proteome. The phytochemical analysis revealed that marker compounds were highly accumulated in rhizome and overall, during the late stage of development. Conclusions This report represents first extensive proteomic description of organ and developmental dissected P. kurroa, providing a platform for future studies related to stress tolerance and medical applications.

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“…Some regions where P. kurroa naturally thrives are the Tungnath Mountains in the Garhwal region and in the Kumaon Mountains [5,6]. P. kurroa is a perennial herb and is normally found growing inside rocky crevices and cliffy mountains in the Himalayan ranges [7]. Noticeable characteristics where P. kurroa grows include nearby infestation of bryophytic vegetation or matted shrub vegetation, mountains with comparatively high soil moisture and high soil organic matter, but with lowest possible total soil nitrogen availability and spatial remoteness to higher land plants of vascular origin [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing Acyltransferase(s) Transforming Final Step in the Biosynthesis of a Major Iridoid Glycoside, (Picroside-II) in a Himalayan Medicinal Herb, Picrorhiza kurroa

Kharb

Sharma

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundPicrorhiza kurroa has been reported as an age-old ayurvedic hepatoprotection to treat hepatic disorders due to the presence of iridoids such as picroside-II (P-II), picroside-I, and kutkoside. The acylation of catalpol and vanilloyl coenzyme A by acyltransferases (ATs) is critical step in P-II biosynthesis. Since accumulation of P-II occurs only in roots, rhizomes and stolons, uprooting of this critically endangered herb has been the only source of this compound. Recently, we reported that P-II acylation likely happen in roots, while stolons serve as the vital P-II storage compartment. Therefore, developing an alternate engineered platform for P-II biosynthesis require identification of P-II specific AT/s.Methods and results In that direction, egg-NOG function annotated 815 ATs from de novo RNA sequencing of tissue culture based ‘shoots-only’ system and nursery grown shoots, roots, and stolons varying in P-II content, were cross-compared in silico to arrive at ATs sequences unique and/or common to stolons and roots. Verification for organ and accession-wise upregulation in gene expression of these ATs by qPCR has shortlisted six putative ‘P-II-forming’ ATs. Further, six-frame translation, ab initio protein structure modelling and protein-ligand molecular docking of these ATs signified one MBOAT domain containing AT with preferential binding to the vanillic acid CoA thiol ester as well as with P-II., implying that this could be potential AT decorating final structure of P-II. ConclusionOrgan-wise comparative transcriptome mining coupled with reverse transcription real time qPCR and protein-ligand docking led to the identification of an acyltransferases, contributing to the final structure of P-II.

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Picrorhiza kurroa: a promising traditional therapeutic herb from higher altitude of western Himalayas

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

Ethnobotany of the Himalayas: Safeguarding Medical Practices and Traditional Uses of Kashmir Regions

Ethnobotany of the Himalayas: Safeguarding Medical Practices and Traditional Uses of Kashmir Regions

In-depth assembly of organ and development dissected Picrorhiza kurroa proteome map using mass spectrometry

Capturing Acyltransferase(s) Transforming Final Step in the Biosynthesis of a Major Iridoid Glycoside, (Picroside-II) in a Himalayan Medicinal Herb, Picrorhiza kurroa

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