James's collaboration with the experimental photographer, Alvin
Langdon Coburn, on the production of photographic frontispieces
for the New York Edition has figured prominently in discussions of
James's views on illustration. Photography's status as a new and
controversial medium has been suggested as the chief factor in
James's preference for photographic plates, while the possibility
of hand-rendered illustrations has been dismissed without
reflection. In my view, James recognized the interimplication of
the graphic and photomechanical arts within the milieu of
Impressionism, nascent modernism, and the popular culture,
resisting the tendencies he found outdated and played out in each.
Through a hypothesized competition between Coburn and the black
and-white artist, Joseph Pennell for the chance to illustrate
James's work, I aim to concretize James's modernist leanings.