“…On the maternal side, factors such as socioeconomic class (Hart & Risley, 1995;Hoff, Laursen, & Tardif, 2002;Lawrence & Shipley, 1996;Ninio, 1980), maternal level of education (Hoff-Ginsberg, 1992), age (Culp, Osofsky, & O'Brien, 1996), verbal facility (Bornstein, Haynes, & Painter, 1998) and mental health (Breznitz & Sherman, 1987;Lovejoy, Graczyk, O'Hare, & Newman, 2000) are reportedly associated with richer, more responsive, and more abundant talk to infants and toddlers. For example, Ninio (1980) reported that mothers with higher socioeconomic status produced more varied labels than did mothers with lower socioeconomic status in reading picture books with their infants.…”