Picturing yourself: a social-cognitive process model to integrate third-person imagery effects

The Construction of Image Reference Points and Text Appeals Information Tailoring in Promoting Diners’ Public Environment Maintenance Behavior Intention

“…Although few studies have addressed the interaction of image reference points and textual appeals, our study found that image reference points and text appeals had interactions in the environmental maintenance attitudes, environmental responsibility perceptions, and pro-environmental behavioral intentions three dependent variables. Our study is highly consistent with related research on behavioral intentions in communication and social psychology [ 81 , 82 , 83 ]. First, according to the construal level theory, “self” has a closer and more specific perception of psychological distance information, while “others” has a farther and more abstract perception of psychological distance information [ 84 ].…”

Perspective matters: When visual perspective reshapes autobiographical memories.

“…However, adopting an observer-like perspective can sometimes increase the affect people report for more complex and/or self-conscious emotional experiences (e.g., shame, pride; Hung & Mukhopadhyay, 2012; Moran & Eyal, 2022). Such findings might reflect differences in how people evaluate different types of emotional experience in terms of their self-relevance (Sutin & Robins, 2008) or the concrete or abstract appraisals they engender (Libby & Eibach, 2011; Niese et al, 2022). A growing number of studies have shown that shifting from an own-eyes to an observer-like perspective also leads to persistent reductions in both subjective ratings of vividness (e.g., Butler et al, 2016; Marcotti & St. Jacques, 2018) and emotional intensity (e.g., King et al, 2022; Sekiguchi & Nonaka, 2014).…”

How shifting visual perspective during autobiographical memory retrieval influences emotion: A change in retrieval orientation

“…However, the impact of shifting on emotionality is unidirectional, with no predicted increase when shifting from an observer-like to an own eyes perspective. Earlier theories proposed that the reduction in emotional intensity due to shifting perspective was linked to meaning-making about the event by reappraising it more objectively in an observer perspective ( Libby and Eibach, 2011 ; Niese et al, 2021 ) or increasing psychological distance to a higher construal level ( Trope and Liberman, 2010 ) which allows people to analyze their feelings more objectively to regulate their affect ( Kross and Ayduk, 2017 ). While these findings seem to hold for basic emotions, a different pattern of effects is evident for self-conscious emotions, such that observer perspectives do not influence the self-conscious emotions or might even heighten them in some contexts ( Sutin and Robins, 2008 ).…”

“…Current theories suggest that the changes in emotional experience due to shifting perspective are linked to factors such as self-evaluative processes ( Sutin and Robins, 2008 ), abstract versus concrete thinking while appraising the broader meaning of the event ( Libby and Eibach, 2011 ; Niese et al, 2021 ), increased psychological distance ( Trope and Liberman, 2010 ), and self-reflective processes ( Kross and Ayduk, 2017 ). These theories have contributed to understanding why shifting visual perspective impacts emotional experiences, particularly when there are explicit emotion regulation goals (e.g., Krishnamoorthy et al, 2021 ), meaning-making ( Valenti et al, 2011 ), or active consideration of negative self-evaluations (e.g., Hung and Mukhopadhyay, 2012 ; Cândea and Szentágotai-Tãtar, 2020 ).…”

“…The social-cognitive model ( Libby and Eibach, 2011 ; Niese et al, 2021 ) proposes that visual perspective leads to different processing styles in appraising events. In particular, adopting an own eyes perspective leads people to reflect on the concrete details of events (i.e., sensory-perceptual information), whereas adopting an observer-like perspective leads to greater reflection on the abstract or contextualized details of the memory.…”