Pidotimod in the Prophylaxis of Recurrent Acute Tonsillitis in Childhood

Careddu, P; Biolchini, Adriana; Alfano, S; Zavattini, G

doi:10.1159/000421766

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Large clinical trials have been conducted on patients with acute tonsillitis. Treatment with pidotimod showed a significant reduction in the frequency of infections as well as an improvement of clinical signs and symptoms such as reduction of cough, dysphagia and antibiotic therapy (23).…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pidotimod: A Reappraisal

Riboldi

Gerosa

Meroni

2009

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Pidotimod (Polimod ®) is a synthetic dipeptide molecule with biological and immunological activity on both the adaptive and the innate immune responses. In vitro studies, both from animal and human specimens, have documented a good activity on innate and adaptive immune responses and have been confirmed by in vivo studies. These activities have been applied in clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of pidotimod in reducing the rate of recurrent infections of the upper respiratory and urinary tracts in children. The same results were obtained in recurrent respiratory tract infections in adults. Interestingly, these effects are more evident in the setting of immune defects such as senescence, Down's syndrome, and cancer.Pidotimod (Polimod ®) is a synthetic dipeptide molecule with biological and immunological activity on both the adaptive and the innate immune responses (Fig. 1). In comparison with biological response modifiers of extractive origin, the synthetic process ensures a high purity product with a high reproducibility among batches. Pidotimod is rapidly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract with a bioavailability of 45%. The plasma half life is 4 h with poor metabolism and renal elimination of the unmodified molecule.In vitro studies from both animal and human specimens have documented a good activity on innate and adaptive immune responses and have been confirmed by in vivo studies. These activities have been applied in clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of pidotimod in reducing the rate of recurrent infections of the upper respiratory and urinary tract in children. The same results were obtained in recurrent respiratory tract infections in adults. More importantly, these effects are more evident in the setting of immune defects such as senescence, Down's syndrome, and cancer. The aim of this review is to analyze the effects of pidotimod on the innate and adaptive immunity and the studies of clinical efficacy. Animal studiesThe first experiments were designed to demonstrate a protective effect of pidotimod in experimental infections in mice. Mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa are protected from death when treated concomitantly with repeated injections ofpidotimod. The protective effect reached a 100% survival with Proteus strains, 90% with S. aureus and 40% with more aggressive bacteria such as Pseudomonas and Klebsiella strains. This effect is dose-dependent and can be strengthened by a synergistic activity with beta-lactam antibiotics

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Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Pidotimod: A Reappraisal

Riboldi

Gerosa

Meroni

2009

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…The results of clinical trials that specifically planned to evaluate PDT for the prevention of recurrent RTIs in children seemed to confirm the potential efficacy of the drug and its safety [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. However, the analysis of these studies raises doubts about the reliability of the results and related conclusions.…”

Section: Pidotimodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of New Respiratory Episodes in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: An Expert Consensus Statement from the World Association of Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid)

et al. 2020

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In healthy infants and young children, the development of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is extremely common. In this paper, we present an international consensus of the available approaches for the prevention of recurrent RTIs in children, including the atopic/allergic ones as well as those with asthma. Few convincing measures for reducing the frequency and clinical relevance of recurrent respiratory episodes in RTI-prone children have been developed until now. Among the most recently suggested measures, immunotherapy is attractive, but only for OM-85 is there a sufficient number of well-conducted clinical trials confirming efficacy in RTIs prevention with an adequate safety profile. In the case of probiotics, it is not clear which bacteria can offer the best results and which dosage and schedule of administration are the most effective. The problems of dosage and the schedule of administration are not solved also for vitamin D, despite some promising efficacy results. While we wait for new knowledge, the elimination or reduction as much as possible of the environmental factors that favor RTIs, vaccination when available and/or indicated, and the systematic application of the traditional methods for infection prevention, such as hand washing, remain the best measures to prevent recurrent infections in RTI-prone children.

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“…Several in vitro and in vivo studies on human and animals showed that pidotimod is able to ameliorate both innate and adaptive immunity, and enhances the immune system capabilities to fight RRTI, especially in children with increasing resistance to viral infections [36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Pidotimodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod

et al. 2019

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Usefulness of Pidotimod and its role as immunostimulant, has been discussed, we know, for several decades. Nevertheless, there is still much to know. Understanding its mechanisms and its potential usefulness in airway infections and its prevention, asthma both Th2 and non Th2 type, bronchiectasis, as adjuvant in vaccination and in allergen immunotherapy still remains to clearly unveil. The aim of this paper was to provide a useful updated review of the role of the main available immunostimulants, giving particular focus on Pidotimod use and its potentials utility in respiratory diseases. Pidotimod showed its usefulness in reducing need for antibiotics in airway infections, increasing the level of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+) endowed with immunomodulatory activity that affect both innate and adaptive immune responses. Higher expression of TLR2 and of HLA-DR molecules, induction of dendritic cell maturation and release of pro-inflammatory molecules, stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation toward a Th1 phenotype, as well as an increase of the phagocytosis have been demonstrated to be associated with Pidotimod in in vitro studies. All these activities are potentially useful for several respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, and recurrent respiratory tract infections.

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Pidotimod in the Prophylaxis of Recurrent Acute Tonsillitis in Childhood

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Pidotimod: A Reappraisal

Pidotimod: A Reappraisal

Prevention of New Respiratory Episodes in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: An Expert Consensus Statement from the World Association of Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid)

Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod

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