Piezo- and pyroelectricity of a polymer-foam space-charge electret

Neugschwandtner, Gerhard S.; Schwödiauer, Reinhard; Bauer‐Gogonea, S.; Bauer, Siegfried; Paajanen, Mika; Lekkala, Jukka

doi:10.1063/1.1355719

Cited by 124 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It indicates that unlike peak power, the maximum energy occurs at the resistance of 500 MΩ. At this resistance, the electric energy generated in normal walking mode is approximately 58.4 µJ per pulse, with area unit energy output of 1.95 µJ/cm 2 , and volume unit energy output of 278 µJ/cm 3 . This is corresponding to an average power output of 93.44 µW/s.…”

Section: Characterization Of Energy Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus in Figure 3, the electric energy generated in normal walking mode is approximately 35.1 µJ per pulse, corresponding to area unit energy output of 1.17 µJ/cm 2 , and volume unit energy output of 167 µJ/cm 3 . Using equation (1), the output energy at different resistive loads is shown in Figure 5b.…”

Section: Characterization Of Energy Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FERROELECTRET is a thin and flexible cellular polymer foam that can store charges in its internal voids [1][2][3][4], thus being able to generate electric pulse under mechanical deformation such as compression and bending [5][6]. Due to its high piezoelectric voltage constant g 33 [7], ferroelectret has already been used extensively in sensor applications, such as blood pressure pulse transducer [8], touch sensor [9], ultrasonic transducer [10], prosthetic skin [11], and accelerometer [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its high piezoelectric voltage constant g 33 [7], ferroelectret has already been used extensively in sensor applications, such as blood pressure pulse transducer [8], touch sensor [9], ultrasonic transducer [10], prosthetic skin [11], and accelerometer [12]. Among the ferroelectret materials that have been developed, cellular polypropylene (PP) is one of the most researched [2][3][4][5][6], and being one of the first commercialized ferroelectrets [13][14][15]. Charged cellular PP exhibits a high piezoelectric charge constant d 33 , which is comparable to commercial PZT [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy harvesting study on single and multilayer ferroelectret foams under compressive force

Luo

Zhu

Shi

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Cellular polypropylene (PP) ferroelectret is a thin and flexible cellular polymer foam that generates electrical power under mechanical force. This work investigates single and multilayer ferroelectret PP foams and their potential to supply energy for human-bodyworn sensors. Human foot-fall is emulated using an electrodynamic instrument, allowing applied compressive force and momentum to be correlated with energy output. Peak power, output pulse duration, and energy per strike is derived experimentally as a function of force and momentum, and shown to be a strong function of external load resistance, thus providing a clear maximum energy point. The possibility of increasing pulse time and reducing voltage to CMOS compatible levels at some expense of peak power is shown. To further increase the output power, multilayer ferroelectret is presented. The synchronized power generation of each layer is studied and illustrated using simulation, and results are supported by experiments. Finally, the energy output of single-layer and multi-layer ferroelectrets are compared by charging a capacitor via a rectifier. A ten-layer ferroelectret is shown to have charging ability 29.1 times better than that of the single-layer ferroelectret. It demonstrates energy output that is capable of powering the start-up and transmission of a typical low-power wireless sensor chipset.

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Section: Characterization Of Energy Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Energy Outputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Energy harvesting study on single and multilayer ferroelectret foams under compressive force

Luo

Zhu

Shi

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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show abstract

“…These devices are generally useful for applications that require the generation of sound in air and liquids. Examples of such applications include phased array microphones, ultrasound equipment, inkjet droplet actuators, drug discovery, sonar transducers, bioimaging, and acousto-biotherapeutics (see [6], [19][20][21][22]). Only few papers are devoted to the strict mathematical analysis of the above named problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical problems of interaction of different dimensional physical fields

Chkadua

2013

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. In the paper we consider mathematical problem of interaction of different dimensional physical fields for complex composite structures. We investigate the mixed transmission problem arising in the model of fluid-solid acoustic interaction when a piezo-ceramic elastic body (Ω + ) is embedded in an unbounded fluid (Ω − ). The corresponding physical process is described by boundary-transmission problems for second order partial differential equations. In particular, in the bounded domain Ω + we have 4 × 4 dimensional matrix strongly elliptic second order partial differential equation, while in the unbounded complement domain Ω − we have a scalar Helmholtz equation describing an acoustic wave propagation. The physical kinematic and dynamic relations mathematically are described by appropriate boundary and transmission conditions. With the help of the potential method and theory of pseudodifferential equations the uniqueness and existence theorems are proved in Sobolev-Slobodetski spaces.

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Surface Modification of PVDF by Microwave Plasma Treatment for Electroless Metallization

Pascu

Debarnot

Durand

et al. 2005

Plasma Processes and Polymers

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Piezoelectric and nonpiezoelectric films of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have been treated in a microwave nitrogen and hydrogen plasma. Plasma parameters, e.g. ratio between N 2 and H 2 , plasma power, gas flow rate, and the distance between the sample and the plasma have been varied in order to establish the treatment parameters that constitute a good compromise between an optimum functionalization and a minimum degradation. Under this treatment, the surface properties of PVDF have been modified in a controlled manner, allowing its metallization, necessary in a wide range of applications, without significantly changing its bulk properties. IntroductionSurface modification, especially metallization, of fluoropolymers is of a particular interest, as these polymeric substrates are one of the most important families of engineering polymers, well known for their physical and chemical inertness [1]. Fluoropolymers are characterized by a small surface energy, which does not allow an adequate adhesion with a metal layer. This is why activation of polymer surfaces prior to metallization is absolutely necessary [2]. This activation process allows the polymer surface to become hydrophilic, in order to be well wet by an electrolessplating solution [3,4]. Gas-plasma treatment under various glow-discharge conditions was extensively used for this type of surface modification of fluoropolymers [5]. To deposit copper, it was proved that the treatment by N 2 , NH 3 or O 2 plasmas increased the reactivity of polymers [6][7][8]. Polar groups introduced by plasma treatment on the film surface favor the reaction of copper to form a copper-nitrogen-carbon complex in the interface region [9]. Different mixtures of N 2 and H 2 , which are more environmentally friendly and easier to handle in industry than ammonia, were studied in order to improve the adhesion of copper onto fluoropolymers. Low-temperature plasmas of nitrogen/hydrogen mixtures contain NH x gaseous precursors that can induce the formation of amino groups at the surface. For example, using a N 2 /H 2 plasma for treating polypropylene (PP) surface, a signifi-

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Piezo- and pyroelectricity of a polymer-foam space-charge electret

Cited by 124 publications

References 37 publications

Energy harvesting study on single and multilayer ferroelectret foams under compressive force

Energy harvesting study on single and multilayer ferroelectret foams under compressive force

Mathematical problems of interaction of different dimensional physical fields

Surface Modification of PVDF by Microwave Plasma Treatment for Electroless Metallization

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