Novel visible-light-driven Ag (X)-doped
Bi2Zr2O7 (BZO) nanocomposites in
pudina
(P) extract (Mentha spicata L.), X-1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 mol %, were synthesized by the one-pot
greener solution combustion method. The as-synthesized nanocomposite
materials were characterized by using various spectral [X-ray diffraction
(XRD), Fourier transform infrared, UV–visible, UV– diffuse
reflectance spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy], electrochemical
(cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and
analytical (scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller)
techniques. The average particle size of the nanocomposite material
was found to be between 14.8 and 39.2 nm by XRD. The well-characterized
Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite materials exhibited enhanced photocatalytic
degradation activity toward hazardous dyes such as methylene blue
(MB) and rose bengal (RB) under visible light irradiation ranges between
400 and 800 nm due to their low energy band gap. As a result, 7 mol
% of Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite material exhibited excellent photodegradation
activity against MB (D.E. = 98.7%) and RB (D.E. = 99.3%) as compared
to other Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite materials and pure BZOP nanocomposite,
respectively, due to enhanced semiconducting and optical behaviors,
high binding energy, and mechanical and thermal stabilities. The Ag-doped
BZOP nanocomposite material-based electrochemical sensor showed good
sensing ability toward the determination of lead nitrate and dextrose
with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 18 μM and 12 μM,
respectively. Furthermore, as a result of the initial antibacterial
screening study, the Ag-doped BZOP nanocomposite material was found
to be more effective against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) as compared to Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The scavenger study
reveals that radicals such as O2
•– and •OH are responsible for MB and RB mineralization.
TOC removal percentages were found to be 96.8 and 98.5% for MB and
RB dyes, and experimental data reveal that the Ag-doped BZOP enhances
the radical (O2
•– and •OH) formation and MB and RB degradation under visible-light irradiation.