Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of 0.96(Na,K)(Nb0.9Ta0.1)O3–0.04LiSbO3 ceramics synthesized by molten salt method

Synthesis of Ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 by MSS (Molten Salt Synthesis) Method

“…According to (Cai et al, 2007, as cited in Bortolani & Dorey, 2010) the solubility of the starting materials in the molten salt plays an important role in the synthesis as it has an influence on the final product morphology. For a simple two reactant system, two different cases can be distinguished: either both reactants are equally soluble in the molten salt or one oxide is more soluble than the other (Li et al, 2007, as cited in Bortolani & Dorey, 2010). In the first case (dissolution -precipitation mechanism) both reactants fully dissolve, react in the molten salt and the final product precipitates from the molten salt after formation.…”

“…The ferroelectric ceramic powders are synthesized trough conventional solid -state method which needs high calcination temperature and repeated grindings (Lu et al, 2010). In order to eliminate these defects, the wet chemical synthesis techniques have been developed, for instance hydrothermal method (Cho et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2009), sol -gel method (Xu et al, 2006;Mercadelli et al, 2008), and molten salt method (Zeng et al, 2007;Li et al, 2009). But the hydrothermal and sol -gel synthesis are usually long and complex processes, use hazardous solvents such as 2-methoxyethanol, and result in agglomerated particles (Bortolani & Dorey, 2010).…”

“…But the hydrothermal and sol -gel synthesis are usually long and complex processes, use hazardous solvents such as 2-methoxyethanol, and result in agglomerated particles (Bortolani & Dorey, 2010). Moreover, in the sol -gel method the cost of starting materials is high (Li et al, 2009). …”

Direct Ink Writing of Three-Dimensional (K, Na)NbO3-Based Piezoelectric Ceramics

“…Material improvement mainly concerns the substitution behavior [2,3], phase transitional behavior [4,5,6,7] and adulteration of the materials [8,9,10,11,12]. For the structure design refers to the KNN-based piezoelectric devices such as the sensors, transducers and actuators [13,14,15,16,17], most of which are fabricated by the 1–3 KNN composite [18,19,20] or the single crystalline KNN nanostructures [21,22,23,24]. Few works about the three-dimensional (3D) KNN structures, however, have been reported in the fabrication of piezoelectric devices.…”

Thermally induced crystallization of mechanically alloyed Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 piezoelectric ceramic nanopowders

“…In addition, the wet chemical synthesis techniques such as sol-gel [3], hydrothermal [4], and molten salt methods [15] have been developed for preparing the piezoelectric ceramics. However, it has been reported that the hydrothermal and sol-gel synthesis are usually long and complex processes, involves the use of hazardous solvents such as 2-methoxyethanol and expensive starting materials [15] and often results in agglomerated particles [16]. Therefore, the synthesis and characterization of KBT and NBT is still a widely discussed problem.…”