Piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects induced by interface polar symmetry

Yang, Ming-Min; Luo, Zheng‐Dong; Zhou, Mi; Zhao, Jinjin; E, Sharel Pei; Alexe, Marin

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2602-4

Cited by 185 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The other is from the heterointerface polar asymmetry, which is ubiquitous among heterostructures to trigger pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity. [ 40–45 ] The resulting piezopotential is maintained as long as the film is deformed, lending to the constant upward band bending at the interface, as shown in Figure 7b. Upon the light exposure, the photon‐excited electrons are separated and migrate across the ZnO/2D α‐C:H interface, leading to a substantially increased electron density within the ZnO film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

2D Allotrope of Carbon for Self‐Powered, Flexible, and Transparent Optoelectronics

Guo

Chen

Jin

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Flexible and transparent optoelectronics based on 2D materials are promising candidates for next‐generation technologies. Among all 2D materials, it is of numerous practical implications to explore nonmetal, earth‐abundant candidates. Herein, an exciting addition is unearthed—2D hydrogenized amorphous carbon (α‐C:H). The 2D α‐C:H nanosheets, with layered structural feature, are composed of crystalline sp2 nanoclusters embedded in sp3 amorphous matrix. The typical “vapor–solid” mechanism governs the growth of these nanosheets under the temperature–pressure combination above the Berman–Simon line. Their high transmittance over 97.7% covers the 425–1300 nm wavelength region. Optical characterizations also reveal a spectral overlap between the π–π* absorption edge and σ–σ* photoluminescence peak. Self‐powered and flexible photodetectors based on the 2D α‐C:H/ZnO heterostructure exhibit a remarkable photoresponse, with a broadened photosensitivity responsivity of 195.16 mA W−1 and a 267‐fold decrease of the rise time. This performance enhancement originates from the type II band alignment, the pyroelectric and piezo‐phototronic effects. As a new member in the 2D family, α‐C:H nanosheets promise to be appealing in transparent flexible optoelectronics with ultralow power consumption and real‐time, on‐site response.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

2D Allotrope of Carbon for Self‐Powered, Flexible, and Transparent Optoelectronics

Guo

Chen

Jin

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…9 Under these conditions, the most likely mechanisms for free carrier strain generation are either through carrier deformation coupling 31 or through an inverse-piezoelectric effect 46 caused by VB hole accumulation near the surface and the aforementioned surface piezoelectric effect. 65 We speculate that, if VB holes do significantly contribute to the strain, it would be dominated by the inverse-piezoelectric effect because carrier deformation coupling is likely weak, as shown by the comparatively weak OC strain. While the above mechanisms are possible, we emphasize that the strong correlation of strain with the holepolaron population suggests that polaronic distortion is the primary driver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…32 Two mechanisms exist for the electron-phonon case in particular: through the deformation potential to form an acoustic polaron, 63 and through the piezoelectric effect to form a piezoelectric polaron. 64 Normally, piezoelectricity is symmetry forbidden in room temperature STO because it is centrosymmetric, but the recent discovery of a surface piezoelectric effect induced by interfacial electric fields 65 and surface relaxation 66 indicates that such an effect is present, possibly to a large extent, at the STO/water interface. It is also worth noting that such a surface piezoelectric effect has been associated with perovskite octahedra rotation, 67 which could reduce the effects of strain on OER activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Acoustic Interferometry During the Photo-Driven Oxygen Evolution Reaction Associates Strain Fields with the Reactive Oxygen Intermediate

Singh¹,

Lyle²,

D’Amario³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) from water requires the formation of meta-stable, reactive oxygen intermediates to enable oxygen-oxygen bond formation. On the other hand, such reactive intermediates could also structurally modify the catalyst. A descriptor for the overall catalytic activity, the first electron and proton transfer OER intermediate from water, (M-OH*), has been associated with significant distortions of the metal-oxygen bonds upon charge-trapping. Time-resolved spectroscopy of in-situ, photo-driven OER on transition metal oxide surfaces has characterized M-OH* for the charge trapped and the symmetry of the lattice distortions by optical and vibrational transitions, respectively, but had yet to detect an interfacial strain field arising from a surface coverage M-OH*. Here, we utilize picosecond, coherent acoustic interferometry to detect the uniaxial strain normal (100) to the SrTiO3/aqueous interface directly caused by Ti-OH*. The spectral analysis applies a fairly general methodology for detecting a combination of the spatial extent, magnitude, and generation time of the interfacial strain through the coherent oscillations’ phase. For lightly n-doped SrTiO3, we identify the strain generation time (1.31 ps), which occurs simultaneously with Ti-OH* formation, and a tensile strain of 0.06% (upper limit 0.6%). In addition to fully characterizing this intermediate across visible, mid-infrared, and now GHz-THz probes on SrTiO3, that strain fields occur with the creation of some M-OH* modifies design strategies for tuning material properties for catalytic activity and provides insight into photo-induced degradation so prevalent for OER. To that end, the work put forth here provides a unique methodology to characterize intermediate-induced interfacial strain across OER catalysts.

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“…A small piezoelectric response is expected for DDT because SAMs contain an interface and are, therefore, inherently piezoelectric. [30] A maximum value of (9.8 ± 1.5) pC N −1 is obtained for the assembly consisting of amide-terminated CA 6 functionalized PCBs opposing PU coated DDT functionalized PCBs (CA6-NH2/DDT-PU). On average, peak current values of 80 pA-100 pA were observed at the maximum applied force of ∼6 N. On average, the PSAM device assemblies had a resistance of (56.9 ± 1.8) MΩ and a capacitance (measured at ∼0.7 MHz) of (428 ± 14) pF; the only observed trend is that, generally, the capacitance slightly increased with increased chain length.…”

Section: Sams Of Thiol-containing Oligopeptides Ranging In Length Frmentioning

confidence: 94%

Intrinsically Polar Piezoelectric Self‐Assembled Oligopeptide Monolayers

et al. 2021

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Flexible, bio-compatible piezoelectric materials are of considerable research interest for a variety of applications, but many suffer from low response or high cost to manufacture. Herein, novel piezoelectric force and touch sensors based on self-assembled monolayers of oligopeptides are presented which produce large piezoelectric voltage response and are easily manufactured without the need for electrical poling. While the devices generate modest piezoelectric charge constants (d33) of up to 9.8 pC N −1 , they exhibit immense piezoelectric voltage constants (g33) up to 2 V m N −1. Furthermore, a flexible device prototype is demonstrated that produces open-circuit voltages of nearly 6 V under gentle bending motion. Improvements in peptide selection and device construction promise to further improve the already outstanding voltage response and open the door to numerous practical applications. Piezoelectric materials find use in a wide range of applications from touch and vibration sensors [1] to energy harvesters [2] to micromechanical actuators. [3] These devices rely on the piezoelectric effect to interconvert mechanical stress and electrical charge. In the direct piezoelectric effect, an applied force produces a resultant charge, whereas, in the converse effect, an applied voltage causes a mechanical deformation. Most existing piezoelectric materials are hard, brittle, leadcontaining ceramics such as lead zirconium titanate (PZT). [4] As such, these materials have limited ranges of motion, are liable to crack, and are not bio-compatible. While there is a large research focus on developing flexible, bio-compatible piezoelectric materials, [5] much of this work has involved placing traditional piezoelectrics on or into flexible substrates, often sacrificing electrical performance for added flexibility and ease of manufacturing (i.e., d-values <200 pC N −1 instead of 500 pC N −1-600 pC N −1 for PZT). [2,6,7] In addition to well known piezoelectric polymers such as semi-crystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), researchers have begun to develop fundamentally new piezoelectric materials such as helicenes, amino acids, viruses, and peptides. [5,8-12]

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Piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects induced by interface polar symmetry

Abstract: Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.

Cited by 185 publications

References 36 publications

2D Allotrope of Carbon for Self‐Powered, Flexible, and Transparent Optoelectronics

2D Allotrope of Carbon for Self‐Powered, Flexible, and Transparent Optoelectronics

Coherent Acoustic Interferometry During the Photo-Driven Oxygen Evolution Reaction Associates Strain Fields with the Reactive Oxygen Intermediate

Intrinsically Polar Piezoelectric Self‐Assembled Oligopeptide Monolayers

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