Piezoelectric electro-active paper (EAPap) speaker

Abstract

Film type piezoelectric speaker using cellulose electroactive paper (EAPap) in audible range was studied by acoustic characterization. The speaker was fabricated by depositing thin metal electrodes on both sides of EAPap. The local piezoelectric behavior of thin EAPap surface was visualized at 6 kHz and 221 Hz. The performance of EAPap film speaker as a function of size was evaluated in the audible frequency range, resulting in enhancement of speaker performance in low frequency range. From the measurement of geometric effect of EAPap speaker on audible performance, the circular type speaker shows better performance than rectangular one. Therefore we suggest that the piezoelectric EAPap has a potential for acoustic applications.

Review of nanocellulose for sustainable future materials

“…The increased piezoelectricity of cellulose EAPap due to mechanical stretching proved that the flexible regenerated piezoelectric cellulose can be applied to make a film type flexible cellulose-EAPap speaker in the audible range for acoustic applications. 93 CNC, and CNF have attracted large attention in nanostructures materials mainly due to their origin and properties like stiffness, nontoxicity, low thermal coefficient, transparency, and improved mechanical properties. 70,94 These nanostructure materials have the potential to replace petrochemical based products and are extremely cheap compared to other high performance materials.…”

Cellulose Electro-Active Paper: From Discovery to Technology Applications

“…More recently, a remotely powered and controlled actuator made by using a dipole rectenna array along with modulated microwaves was investigated. Modulated Kim et al (2006bKim et al ( , 2011 microwave power transmission is very valuable technology for remotely driven actuators, biomimetic robots, and remote sensing units (Yang et al, 2013). EAPap also shows fair quality results when tested as vibration sensor and for beam vibration control (Lee et al, 2009b;Kim et al, 2010a,b).…”

“…EAPap also shows fair quality results when tested as vibration sensor and for beam vibration control (Lee et al, 2009b;Kim et al, 2010a,b). Acoustic characterization of cellulose EAPap for flexible film type speaker suggests that piezoelectricity of EAPap can be used in acoustic applications (Kim et al, 2011). The reasonable piezoelectric coupling coefficient and ability to withstand high vibration amplitude due to flexible nature can help to develop EAPap energy harvesting wireless sensor nodes.…”

Effect of Process Orientation on the Mechanical Behavior and Piezoelectricity of Electroactive Paper

“…These studies prompted the prospect of developing cellulose-based industrial actuators, sensors, and speakers. In fact, some studies reported electroactive response and sound pressure levels from smart cellulose film actuators and speakers [4][5][6]. This smart cellulose film is called electroactive paper (EAPap).…”