“…There are a variety of potential methods to couple the flow energy to the structure with the transduction mechanism located away from the flow. Several types of flow induced energy harvester methods were considered in this study; one is a hydraulic pressure based method [18,24], a second is a bluff body based method [12,13,14,15,16], yet another is based on leakage-flow instabilites which induce large displacements in the bimorph tip when fluid flows past a narrow passage [25]. For example, when the flow is passing through the nozzle, the pressure fluctuation forces the bimorph to move alternately up and down, creating internal stresses and producing electricity.…”