Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting towards Self-Powered Internet of Things (IoT) Sensors in Smart Cities

Abstract

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are major features of smart cities. Smart sensing devices will benefit from 5 G and the Internet of Things, which will enable them to communicate in a safe and timely manner. However, the need for sustainable power sources and self-powered active sensing devices will continue to be a major issue in this sector. Since their discovery, piezoelectric energy harvesters have demonstrated a significant ability to power wireless sensor nodes, and their application in a wide range of systems, including intelligent transportation, smart healthcare, human-machine interfaces, and security systems, has been systematically investigated. Piezoelectric energy-harvesting systems are promising candidates not only for sustainably powering wireless sensor nodes but also for the development of intelligent and active self-powered sensors with a wide range of applications. In this paper, the various applications of piezoelectric energy harvesters in powering Internet of Things sensors and devices in smart cities are discussed and reviewed.

Micro energy harvesting for IoT platform: Review analysis toward future research opportunities

“…In Ref. [ 152 ] the authors developed a battery less IoT system for smart sensing of data in wireless sensor nodes and IoT microelectronic devices. The main limitation in the design is to get maximum output at different speeds of the vehicles.…”

“… Efficient [ 150 ] IoT devices RF energy management Radio frequency energy harvesting Error measurement by math processing error method Full access control is difficult to achieve Prioritize the devices for power supply duration, adjustment of duty cycle while enabling low energy devices to gather energy in the interim. 79% [ 152 ] Piezoelectric micro energy harvesting Piezoelectric vibrational EH Captures the vibrations in the cities Design of wheel's vibrational energy harvester Piezoelectric energy harvesting system Cost effective and efficient. [ 153 ] Capacitor as power source for low powered devices Piezoelectric vibrational energy harvesting Bimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam empowering passive infrared sensor.…”

Comparative study of vibration energy harvesting on home appliances using piezoelectric energy harvester

“…The energy harvesting techniques used nowadays include thermoelectric, photovoltaic, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, wireless or electromagnetic, wind and vibration. Over the last decade, there has been an increase in research on power harvesting technology [1][2][3]. Waste energy can be harvested to generate electricity, which can be utilised to power low-power devices.…”

Separation-Free Planar Interconnection for Thermo-electrochemical cells

“…Energy harvesters that convert wasted energy into electrical energy have attracted much attention in applications such as wireless sensor networks (WSN), wearable devices, and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors. − The harvested energy can be used to provide a sustainable power source or simply to charge batteries to compensate for the limited lifespan of the battery, which can reduce the operating and maintenance costs of the application significantly.…”